death – The Core of the Bible

Humans and sin

Understanding why we do wrong things is just as important as turning away from them.

Core of the Bible podcast #111 – Humans and sin

Over the past few episodes, we have been exploring the nature and character of God. For us to begin to grasp our place within the Bible narrative, we need to look at what this God expects of those whom he has created. To do so, we will have to grapple with a concept known in the Bible as sin, and what our responsibility is in dealing with sin.

It is my contention that the Bible reveals that humans have been created as mortal beings reflecting the image of the eternal God. This image is one of free will ruling benevolently over God’s Creation. However, because man has free will, yet is mortal and limited, humans are subject to ignorance, covetous desires, and pride which result in disobedience to God. This disobedience is sin.

This disobedience severs man’s relationship with God resulting in a condition which God calls “death.” This death or separation from God can only be overcome by a new “birth.” The results of this new birth allow man to have a re-established relationship with God. Through this relationship, man can gain mastery over the ignorance, covetous desires and pride of this mortal condition. This allows humans to function as God intended: in God’s image, having free will, and ruling benevolently as God intended over God’s Creation.

In order for humans to have genuine rule, it was necessary for God to provide man the freedom to choose between right and wrong. This, of course, would allow man to sometimes (or usually) make the wrong choices. In the Bible, good choices are typically called “righteousness,” that is, doing what is right. Bad choices are typically categorized as “unrighteousness” or “sin.” All choices, good or bad, always have consequences.

What is sin?

Several Bible passages help us understand what sin actually is.

1 John 3:4: “Whosoever commits sin transgresses also the law: for sin is the transgression of the law.”

1 John 5:17: “All unrighteousness is sin…”

Genesis 4:7 …if you do not do well [that which is pleasing to God], sin is crouching at the door; and its desire is for you, but you must master it.”

We can see from these passages that, in its simplest definition sin is essentially the act of disobeying God’s revealed will about what he considers to be right conduct.

At the very beginning of the Bible, a story about the human condition is related to us with Adam and Eve. God had specifically instructed them to not eat from the tree of knowing good and bad, or they would “surely die.” When they sinned by disobeying God, they were removed from the Garden which also contained the tree of life. Once they were removed from God’s presence and and no longer had access to the tree of life in the garden, their bodies began to physically die. They could no longer partake of the tree of life, and the ultimate consequence of their mortality (physical death) became inevitable.

But in a more important sense, the story teaches us that the very moment they disobeyed God’s command, Adam and Eve died another type of death that was instantaneous, a spiritual death that they became instantly conscious of. Their relationship with God was severed, and they were suddenly aware of this as “their eyes were opened,” so they hid themselves from God.

Genesis 3:8 They heard the sound of Yahweh God walking in the garden in the cool of the day, and the man and his wife hid themselves from the presence of Yahweh God among the trees of the garden.

We know this severed relationship with God is a type of death because God’s warning to Adam was “…in the day that you eat from it [the tree of knowing good and bad] you will surely die.” The literal Hebrew wording here says, “…in the day that you eat from it you will die the death.” Since neither Adam nor Eve physically died that day but lived on for many hundreds of years, it was the severed-relationship kind of death that occurred that day, separating them from their unrestricted access to God’s presence. From that point forward they were consigned to live separated from God’s physical presence in a difficult new world where they were considered spiritually dead, along with being in a “declining physical life mode” due to being removed from the tree of life.

The main thrust of the story teaches us about this severed relationship with God through disobedience to his revealed will. This is the type of death that is most frequently spoken of throughout the Bible in regard to our relationship with God.

Deuteronomy 30:19-20: “I call heaven and earth to witness against you this day, that I have set before you life and death, the blessing and the curse: therefore choose life, that you may live, you and your seed; to love Yahweh your God, to obey his voice, and to cling to him; for he is your life, and the length of your days…“

Proverbs 12:28 In the way of righteousness is life, And in [its] pathway there is no death.

Jeremiah 21:8 “You shall also say to this people, ‘Thus says Yahweh, “Behold, I set before you the way of life and the way of death.

Yeshua certainly highlights the spiritual nature of this death as he teaches about the immediacy of new life and removal of this death from those who would believe in him:

John 5:24 “Truly, truly, I say to you, he who hears My word, and believes Him who sent Me, has eternal life, and does not come into judgment, but has passed [past tense] out of death into life.

The Sin Nature and Original Sin

Most of Christianity teaches a particular view that Man was originally created to inherently live forever, but due to disobeying God’s command, he somehow obtained a sin-nature that is now present in all people from the moment they are born (having been passed down from our first parents). In this view, this permanent and unavoidable sin-nature is the reason for physical death in the world. This is the concept of “original sin,” a type of hereditary stain which is supposedly present in everyone alive today. The only way to overcome this original sin is to accept the sacrifice of Yeshua as taking away that inherent stain.

However, also according to this view, even if we believe God and accept the sacrifice of Yeshua for our sin, we still have to deal with the effects of this permanent sin-nature as we continue to live out our lives here, doing our best to be obedient to God; and then we ultimately still die physically. According to this view, only when Yeshua returns will he finally vanquish all sin and physical death, restore the earth, and everyone who believes in him will live eternally with him.

While this is the generally predominant view of Christianity, in reality, the Bible doesn’t actually inform us about an inherent sin-nature. This concept of original sin is a philosophical theory proposed by early Christian thinkers long after the recorded events in the Bible. It is a view trying to make sense of the Biblical references from a Western philosophical perspective rather than a Hebraic context.

One of the most prominent places in the Old Testament where this is evident comes from Psalm 51. In this Psalm, David is wallowing in self-pity, distress, and repentance over his affair with Bathsheba and the consequent murder of her husband that he had orchestrated through battle to make her his wife. He is crying out to God for cleansing and renewal:

Psalm 51:2-7, 10 – Completely wash away my guilt and cleanse me from my sin. For I am conscious of my rebellion, and my sin is always before me. Against you – you alone – I have sinned and done this evil in your sight. So you are right when you pass sentence; you are blameless when you judge. Indeed, I was guilty when I was born; I was sinful when my mother conceived me. Surely you desire integrity in the inner self, and you teach me wisdom deep within. Purify me with hyssop, and I will be clean; wash me, and I will be whiter than snow. … God, create a clean heart for me and renew a steadfast spirit within me.

If David was here describing some sort of original sin present in himself, he would be able to justify before God that since he was created in sin he only did what humans naturally do, which is to commit sin. Therefore, since he would have had no control over this condition, he should be justified. But in reality, to say he was guilty in the day he was born and sinful since conception (prior to any possible moral actions on his part) is a Hebraic way of phrasing that he was admitting the depth and magnitude of his own guilt. It is a way of saying that he recognizes how his unrighteous and sinful actions have corrupted everything good about him, all the way back to the very day he was born, or even conceived.

In his commentary on this passage, Albert Barnes rightly states the following:

“There is no statement that the sin of another was “imputed” to him; or that he was “responsible” for the sin of Adam; or that he was guilty “on account of” Adam’s sin, for on these points the psalmist makes no assertion. It is worthy of remark, further, that the psalmist did not endeavor to “excuse” his guilt on the ground that he was “”born”” in iniquity; nor did he allude to that fact with any purpose of “exculpating” himself. The fact that he was thus born only deepened his sense of his own guilt, or showed the enormity of the offence which was the regular result or outbreak of that early depravity. The points, therefore, which are established by this expression of the psalmist, so far as the language is designed to illustrate how human nature is conceived, are (1) that people are born with a propensity to sin; and (2) that this fact does not excuse us in sin, but rather tends to aggravate and deepen our guilt. The language goes no further than this in regard to the question of original sin or native depravity.”

Now Albert Barnes was no fringe theologian; he was a Presbyterian minister in the 1830’s, and his honest assessment of this passage is really quite refreshing compared to other commentary. His view on this topic was a point of contention within his denomination and stirred up much conflict. While that is a story in itself, for the purposes of our study today, I can state that it is truly difficult for us with our modern ears to grasp this type of inuendo and expression used by David in this psalm that is native to a culture which is foreign to us in our day and age. But the reality is that this way of speaking was an expression of David recognizing the depth of his sinfulness, not a revelation of original depravity. David was asking to be cleansed of this propensity toward sin through having his heart renewed and his spirit cleansed.

Instead of original sin, the Bible teaches that we come into this world in innocence and become corrupted by our own selfish desires as we begin to learn right from wrong. The clearest definition of this and where sin and death comes from is described in the New Testament writings by the apostle James, considered by many to be the actual brother of Yeshua:

James 1:13-15 Let no one say when he is tempted, “I am being tempted by God”; for God cannot be tempted by evil, and He Himself does not tempt anyone. But each one is tempted when he is carried away and enticed by his own lust. Then when lust has conceived, it gives birth to sin; and when sin is accomplished, it brings forth death.

James here implies that sin is the result of humans’ own propensity toward sin, in which wicked thoughts are conceived and then sinful actions follow. This is in conformity with what Yeshua himself taught using the example of the humility and innocence of children, and how these qualities are actually the model of God’s kingdom. Therefore, if children are the example of innocence, they cannot be sinful from birth with some sort of original sin, or else they would not be good examples of inclusion within his kingdom:

Matthew 18:2-4 And He called a child to Himself and set him before them, and said, “Truly I say to you, unless you are converted and become like children, you will not enter the kingdom of heaven. Whoever then humbles himself as this child, he is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven.”

Mark 10:13-16 And they were bringing children to Him so that He might touch them; but the disciples rebuked them. But when Yeshua saw this, He was indignant and said to them, “Permit the children to come to Me; do not hinder them; for the kingdom of God belongs to such as these. Truly I say to you, whoever does not receive the kingdom of God like a child will not enter it at all.” And He took them in His arms and began blessing them, laying His hands on them.

Children, by and large, are considered innocent, humble and trusting. These are the characteristics of those who stand as representing the Kingdom of God. The importance of humility was even the conclusion of King David in that same psalm of repentance:

Psalm 51:17 – The sacrifice pleasing to God is a broken spirit. You will not despise a broken and humbled heart, God.

So, if Yeshua and the rest of the biblical writings do not actually teach us about something known as original sin, and if humility and repentance are the qualities we should strive for, then what does the Bible say about why we typically choose to do bad things?

The Yetzer ha-Ra

The traditional Hebraic view considers a dual aspect present within every person: it includes something called in Hebrew the Yetzer ha-Ra, or the evil inclination, and the Yetzer ha-Tov, the good inclination. It’s kind of like that caricature of having a good angel on one shoulder and a bad angel or the devil on the other shoulder, both trying to tell you what to do. However, the Yetzer ha-Tov, or the good inclination, is not specifically mentioned in the Bible. Just like the Christian philosophers proposing original sin, the Yetzer ha-Tov is a philosophical invention of rabbis to counter the actual biblical concept of the Yetzer ha-Ra as a logical way of balancing out good and bad.

But the Bible does speak about the Yetzer ha-Ra, or the evil inclination. It is mentioned specifically in these two passages:

Genesis 6:5 Then Yahweh saw that the wickedness of man was great on the earth, and that every intent [yetzer] of the thoughts of his heart was only evil [ra] continually.

Genesis 8:21 Yahweh smelled the soothing aroma; and Yahweh said to Himself, “I will never again curse the ground on account of man, for the intent [yetzer] of man’s heart is evil [ra] from his youth; and I will never again destroy every living thing, as I have done.

So the Yetzer ha-Ra appears to be some fundamental feature of mankind that, when left to our own devices, inclines us to do bad things.

Why is this different from an inherent sin-nature? Well, if we have an unchangeable sin-nature, something we have from birth and that is completely beyond our control, then two things become apparent: Firstly, nothing we can do could ever be considered good (because our very nature is bad) and secondly, how could God ever hold us accountable for something we have no control over? It’s kind of like Paul’s hypothetical argument with those who would try to excuse their sin before God:

Romans 9:19 – You will say to me, therefore, “Why then does he still find fault? For who resists his will?”

His imaginary opponent would be essentially claiming how God would not be able to accuse anyone, because if they were created as sinful beings, they would have no choice in the matter and could not be held accountable.

Paul’s response to this argument is simply:

Romans 9:20 – On the contrary, who are you, a human being, to talk back to God? Will what is formed say to the one who formed it, “Why did you make me like this?”

While not satisfying the argument for our discussion here, it is true that God, as the Creator of all, has the ability to do what he wills with his own creations. We will have to return to the concept of predestination and free-will in a future episode. I merely point out from this passage that there is a logical point to be made that if God creates people with an unchangeable sinful nature, then he would not be justified in condemning people for actions they had no control over. No, the Bible is all about change and repentance, and how God desires us to rise above the natural propensity or inclination toward sin. Essentially, you can’t repent from something that is “hard-wired” into your nature, but the Bible does say you can repent and change direction when you are confronted with the enormity of your sinful actions.

For some examples, as we continue to explore this biblical concept of the yetzer-inclination, there are other passages which speak about it in less-than-evil terms, which seems to indicate that its “goodness” or “badness” is dependent on what it is focused on:

1 Chronicles 28:9 “As for you, my son Solomon, know the God of your father, and serve Him with a whole heart and a willing mind; for Yahweh searches all hearts, and understands every intent [yetzer] of the thoughts. If you seek Him, He will let you find Him; but if you forsake Him, He will reject you forever.”

This appears to state that humans have some measure of control over the yetzer-inclination beginning with our thoughts, and we have the ability to turn those thoughts to seeking God.

Isaiah 26:3 “The steadfast of mind [yetzer] You will keep in perfect peace, Because he trusts in You.

From these passages we can see that this yetzer-inclination is a key human characteristic related to the thought process and conscience. It has a framing, conception, or molding aspect related to its demeanor which implies that it can be modified, controlled, or re-shaped, primarily through what types of things it is directed towards. The yetzer-inclination appears to be a changeable aspect of our thought process that, if left to its own reasonings in an immature state, points in the “ra” or “badness” direction as we are exposed to the sensory experiences of this physical life. These include worldliness, covetous desires, and pride. All of these are equated with eating from the tree of the knowledge of good and bad.

However, the yetzer-inclination can also be pointed in a positive direction, toward the tree of life, through “steadfast trust” in God. This steadfastness comes from laying or resting our trust on God 100%. The image of this steadfastness is as if one is bracing oneself against God for support, or bearing oneself up, or leaning on God to increase our own stability.

Proverbs 3:5-6: “Trust in Yahweh with all your heart; and lean not unto your own understanding. In all your ways acknowledge him, and he shall direct your paths.”

This demonstrates the yetzer-inclination is not some unchangeable sin nature that we are burdened with, but a moldable inclination similar to, or working alongside, the conscience that can be redirected from selfish interests (tree of the knowledge of good and bad) to the interests of God (tree of life) by steadfastly trusting in him. This idea of repentance and reform is the Hebraic biblical worldview known as “teshuvah.”

Of course, teshuva, that is, repentance and reform, was the worldview of Yeshua:

Luke 5:31-32 And Yeshua answered and said to them, “It is not those who are well who need a physician, but those who are sick. I have not come to call the righteous but sinners to repentance.”

Luke 15:4-7 “What man among you, if he has a hundred sheep and has lost one of them, does not leave the ninety-nine in the open pasture and go after the one which is lost until he finds it? When he has found it, he lays it on his shoulders, rejoicing. And when he comes home, he calls together his friends and his neighbors, saying to them, ‘Rejoice with me, for I have found my sheep which was lost!’ I tell you that in the same way, there will be more joy in heaven over one sinner who repents than over ninety-nine righteous persons who need no repentance.”

This is why I believe this yetzer-inclination is the aspect of “understanding” or “mind” that the apostle Paul was speaking of when he mentions that we should direct our mind to be renewed.

Romans 12:1-2 Therefore I urge you, brethren, by the mercies of God, to present your bodies a living and holy sacrifice, acceptable to God, which is your spiritual service of worship. And do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind, so that you may prove what the will of God is, that which is good and acceptable and perfect.

Ephesians 4:22-24 that, in reference to your former manner of life, you lay aside the old man [Adam], which is being corrupted in accordance with the lusts of deceit, and that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind, and put on the new man [Messiah], which in the likeness of God has been created in righteousness and holiness of the truth.

Yeshua taught that switching from sinful practices to obeying God (that is, being a responsible member and ruler in God’s kingdom) is impossible without being born from above. This is a spiritual type of birth that allows us to see things as they really are, and to begin to make good choices (from God’s perspective). If we are spiritually “dead” to God we must then become spiritually “alive” (be born) to begin to truly obey God.

John 3:3-8 Yeshua answered [Nicodemus, a Jewish religious leader] and said to him, “Truly, truly, I say to you, unless one is born again he cannot see the kingdom of God.” Nicodemus said to Him, “How can a man be born when he is old? He cannot enter a second time into his mother’s womb and be born, can he?” Yeshua answered, “Truly, truly, I say to you, unless one is born of water and the Spirit he cannot enter into the kingdom of God. That which is born of the flesh is flesh, and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit. Do not be amazed that I said to you, ‘You must be born again.’ The wind blows where it wishes and you hear the sound of it, but do not know where it comes from and where it is going; so is everyone who is born of the Spirit.”

In order for us to trust in God, we must be exposed to his Word and learn of him. This allows his Spirit to work within us, and to create us anew.

Psalm 43:3 O send out Your light and Your truth, let them lead me; Let them bring me to Your holy hill and to Your dwelling places.

Psalm 51:9-13 Hide Your face from my sins And blot out all my iniquities. Create in me a clean heart, O God, And renew a steadfast spirit within me. Do not cast me away from Your presence And do not take Your Holy Spirit from me. Restore to me the joy of Your salvation And sustain me with a willing spirit. Then I will teach transgressors Your ways, And sinners will be converted to You.

So, while the Bible does not describe an inherent sin nature, it does indicate we have a wayward yetzer-inclination that, for each of us, at some point creates a severed relationship with our Creator, who then considers us as dead because of our sinful actions. As we are made aware of this, we must then die to ourselves to become re-born, and then the relationship is re-established.

We are no longer obligated to always follow the badness of our yetzer-inclination in eating from the tree of the knowledge of good and bad; it can now be redirected toward the tree of life in obedience to our Creator. We have been freed to serve God in righteousness and truth, according to his Word.

2 Corinthians 5:17 So if any one is in Messiah, there is a new creation; the old things have passed away; behold all things have become new:

While becoming born from above requires dying to ourselves, we are, in a sense, constantly having to die to ourselves at every choice we face in order to live in the freedom of this obedient, new life. Paul calls this concept being a “living and holy sacrifice”.

Every time we face a moral choice, we need to evaluate it in light of God’s revealed will and in conformity to the example of Yeshua, as he demonstrated for us a life of total obedience to God.

The Apostle Paul, at the culmination of a very lengthy comparison between Adam and Yeshua, calls Yeshua the “last (or final) Adam.”

1 Corinthians 15:21-22, 45 For since by a man came death, by a man also came the resurrection of the dead. For as in Adam all die, so also in Messiah all will be made alive … So it is written, The first man Adam became a living being; the last Adam became a life-giving spirit.

Since Yeshua lived a life of complete obedience, something Adam did not, we are encouraged to follow in Yeshua’s footsteps, even unto physical death, if necessary. We are guided and helped to walk in this life of obedience by the Spirit of God through his Word, which makes this new life in the new creation of God’s Kingdom possible.

Summary

I believe that the story of the temptation of the original man and woman is illustrative of the condition of every human born into existence on this earth. It explains how every person begins in a faultless state of innocence with their Creator. At some point, he or she yields to the conditions and situations surrounding them, choosing to rely on their own limited knowledge (tree of the knowledge of good and bad) rather than the revealed instruction of God (the tree of life). This causes a type of death or separation from God, and they are then consigned to walk in the darkness of their own limited understanding and passions. However, God is always willing to receive back anyone who recognizes the error of their ways, and who comes to reliance on God’s revealed truths.

When we come to know ourselves to be responsible to God, we must repent (turn away from our sin) and seek to walk in his ways as revealed through his written Word. In Bible terms, when we repent from our sinful disobedience and turn to being faithful to God’s ways, we experience a type of re-birth, new life in a new creation, and reconciliation with God.

Through all of this, we must remember it is God in his gracious provision of his Word and his Spirit who reveals to us our deficiencies and allows us to become his children. It is through these promptings of God’s Spirit that we can be born again, free from sin, as new creations. He is present through his Spirit and Word to guide and strengthen us to be able to rule effectively in his Kingdom. It is now our obligation to make the right choices that honor God when faced with temptation, and to continue to learn and grow as believers so that the Kingdom can continue to expand.

Well, I hope this brief overview of the yetzer-inclination and sin brought you some concepts and ideas to meditate on and to study out further on your own. But remember, if you have thoughts or comments that you would like to explore further with me, feel free to email me at coreofthebible@gmail.com. You can also search the catalog of hundreds of articles here at coreofthebible.org.

Living, and dying, for others

Compassion and obedience are not just for this life only.

John 10:14-15, 17-18 – I am the good shepherd. I know my own and my own know me, just as the Father knows me and I know the Father; and I lay down my life for the sheep. … For this reason the Father loves me, because I lay down my life that I may take it up again. No one takes it from me, but I lay it down of my own accord. I have authority to lay it down, and I have authority to take it up again. This command I have received from my Father.”

In teaching his disciples of how he is to be likened to a good shepherd, Yeshua reveals how God had provided him the authority to not only lay his life down for the sheep, but to take it back up again. With this obvious reference to the resurrection, we gain a small but tremendously powerful insight into the compassion and obedience of the Son of God to his Father.

Yeshua’s connection with God was so close that the bond of obedience surpassed life itself. Yeshua had received the command of God that he would have the ability to take up his life on the other side of the grave. This demonstrated a huge measure of trust and confidence that Yeshua placed in his Father. He was to demonstrate a compassion so extreme on behalf of his brothers that it would cost him his life.

Yet he was to trust in the resurrection on the other side, and not for himself, but that God’s purpose would be completed through his resurrection. Yeshua was not simply trusting God that he would be restored to life for his own benefit, but that he was being restored to life for the benefit of others. He died for others and was restored to life for others. Everything about the death and resurrection of Yeshua was for others; it had nothing to do with his own personal survival for himself.

We don’t understand this principle enough. We struggle to grasp an obedience to God that is so complete that it willingly succumbs not only to death on behalf of others, but to continued service for others on the other side. That is what compassion looks like to God. It does not have any selfish ambition whatsoever, and yet when it is accomplished, God provides every honor and glory upon that individual.

I believe we have erred when we look to God for our own continued survival, that hoped-for eternal life, based on the fact that we believed in him and served him to the best of our ability during this life. Then we hope to enjoy peace and security for eternity, a kind of spiritual retirement allowing us to enjoy the privileges gained for sacrifices made during this life.

But this is not the message of the gospel. The good news of the kingdom is that we serve God and accomplish his purpose here and now, and we serve God there and accomplish his purpose then and there. Believing in God should never be about ourselves or our personal security. If we are following the example of our Messiah, it should always be about others; we should be constantly laying our lives down on behalf of others, dying to ourselves over and over again.

Romans 12:1 – I appeal to you therefore, brothers, by the mercies of God, to present your bodies as a living sacrifice, holy and acceptable to God, which is your spiritual worship.

This is what it means to be a living sacrifice. It is a dichotomy of two contradictory principles: a sacrifice is to die yet somehow remains alive. The believing life is one of paradox: living in a kingdom that exists in eternity, yet is present here and now; dying to ourselves yet living for God; existing in a world of darkness yet being a light to those around us. We are reconcilers of opposites, peacemakers of things that are at war with one another. Just like our Messiah obeyed in death and life, we are to remain obedient in dying to ourselves and living for him. The life that feeds on the resurrection power of the Messiah is a life of obedience and compassion.

1 John 3:14, 16 – We know that we have passed out of death into life, because we love the brothers. Whoever does not love abides in death. … By this we know love, that he laid down his life for us, and we ought to lay down our lives for the brothers.

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The challenge of staying dead

The reality of the new life in Messiah is only possible through death, death to self.

2 Timothy 2:11 – This saying is trustworthy: For if we died with him, we will also live with him…

The life of the believer is all about dying to self and living for God. The problem with this simple concept is that our self continues to want to live. Paul calls this conflict the struggle between the old self and the newness of life.

Romans 6:1-7 – What should we say then? Should we continue in sin so that grace may multiply? Absolutely not! How can we who died to sin still live in it? Or are you unaware that all of us who were baptized into Messiah Yeshua were baptized into his death? Therefore we were buried with him by baptism into death, in order that, just as Messiah was raised from the dead by the glory of the Father, so we too may walk in newness of life. For if we have been united with him in the likeness of his death, we will certainly also be in the likeness of his resurrection. For we know that our old self was crucified with him so that the body ruled by sin might be rendered powerless so that we may no longer be enslaved to sin, since a person who has died is freed from sin.

Paul uses this metaphor of the old self dying throughout his writings:

Romans 6:11 – So, you too consider yourselves dead to sin and alive to God in Messiah Yeshua.
Galatians 2:19 – For through the law I died to the law, so that I might live for God.
Colossians 2:20 – If you died with Messiah to the elements of this world, why do you live as if you still belonged to the world?
Colossians 3:3 – For you died, and your life is hidden with Messiah in God.

All of these references are simply speaking in metaphorical language about how that, in the believer’s life, one must forsake all previous disobedience to God with the finality of death. A dead person cannot commit sin; this is how abruptly and decisively we must act within the remaining time of our lives.

Paul continues his thought in this “trustworthy saying” that he was committing to Timothy:

2 Timothy 2:11-12 – This saying is trustworthy: For if we died with him, we will also live with him; if we endure, we will also reign with him;

Paul here conveys a sense of endurance in remaining dead to those things that displease God. The word for endure literally means to “stay under,” as in remaining, persevering, bearing up under trials. However, Paul also presents Timothy with the opposite result if we choose to yield to our self and deny the One who calls us to himself.

2 Timothy 2:12-13 – if we deny him, he will also deny us; if we are faithless, he remains faithful, for he cannot deny himself.

This is reminiscent of the admonition of Yeshua, explaining what will be the state of those who refuse to give up their sinful actions, the breaking of God’s laws.

Matthew 7:21-23 – “Not everyone who says to me, ‘Lord, Lord,’ will enter the kingdom of heaven, but only the one who does the will of my Father in heaven. “On that day many will say to me, ‘Lord, Lord, didn’t we prophesy in your name, drive out demons in your name, and do many miracles in your name? ‘ “Then I will announce to them, ‘I never knew you. Depart from me, you lawbreakers! ‘

This is why we are constantly reminded to endure and to bear up our trials with a persevering and faithful spirit. The writer to the Hebrews and James also provide similar encouragement under trial, even referring to the endurance of Messiah as a motivating consideration in the believers’ own endurance.

Hebrews 10:32 – Remember the earlier days when, after you had been enlightened, you endured a hard struggle with sufferings.
Hebrews 12:3 – For consider him who endured such hostility from sinners against himself, so that you won’t grow weary and give up.
James 1:12 – Blessed is the one who endures trials, because when he has stood the test he will receive the crown of life that God has promised to those who love him.

We should recognize that it is through these types of struggles that God is causing us to grow and continually be renewed to become more like him.

Colossians 3:9-10 – …you have put off the old self with its practices and have put on the new self. You are being renewed in knowledge according to the image of your Creator.

As we grow in the image of God, we can then become more useful to him in the accomplishment of his purpose in expanding the kingdom of God on the earth. This is why this encouragement to remain dead to sin must become a guiding principle in our daily lives.

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The contrast of holiness in a world of darkness

Our priorities are not the same priorities of the world around us.

Proverbs 29:27 – An unjust person is detestable to the righteous, and one whose way is upright is detestable to the wicked.

This proverb highlights the condition and the role of the righteous on the earth: to be set apart as holy and distinct. If there is a distinction being made, then the differing factions will have diverse viewpoints. Yeshua himself illustrated this point as he described how his teaching was a fulfillment of prophecy.

Matthew 10:34-37 – Don’t assume that I came to bring peace on the earth. I did not come to bring peace, but a sword. For I came to turn a man against his father, a daughter against her mother, a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law; and a man’s enemies will be the members of his household. The one who loves a father or mother more than me is not worthy of me; the one who loves a son or daughter more than me is not worthy of me.

Holiness by its very nature causes divergence of thoughts, opinions, and allegiances. One of the most notable features demonstrating the holiness of the teachings of Yeshua is that he was a polarizing figure; he was presenting ideas and concepts where people had to choose sides between options.

Matthew 12:30 – Anyone who is not with me is against me, and anyone who does not gather with me scatters.

This was not a new or novel concept; God’s servants and messengers have always presented polarizing options in the way of holiness. Moses and Joshua did so with the nation of Israel as they were preparing to enter the land of Canaan.

Deuteronomy 30:16-19 – “For I am commanding you today to love the LORD your God, to walk in his ways, and to keep his commands, statutes, and ordinances, so that you may live and multiply, and the LORD your God may bless you in the land you are entering to possess. “But if your heart turns away and you do not listen and you are led astray to bow in worship to other gods and serve them, “I tell you today that you will certainly perish and will not prolong your days in the land you are entering to possess across the Jordan. “I call heaven and earth as witnesses against you today that I have set before you life and death, blessing and curse. Choose life so that you and your descendants may live…
Joshua 24:14-15 – “Therefore, fear the LORD and worship him in sincerity and truth. Get rid of the gods your fathers worshiped beyond the Euphrates River and in Egypt, and worship the LORD. “But if it doesn’t please you to worship the LORD, choose for yourselves today: Which will you worship – the gods your fathers worshiped beyond the Euphrates River or the gods of the Amorites in whose land you are living? As for me and my family, we will worship the LORD.”

Holiness is in some ways, in the most profound ways, a very real burden for those who are acting in the way of the righteous, the derech ha-tzaddikim. This is the Way that holds to God’s standards above the standards of the culture and world in which we live. By abiding by his standards, we also become polarizing individuals within our family, friend, and work acquaintance circles.

However, as believers in Yeshua and followers of God’s commands, this is who we are. This is who we are meant to be. Our priorities are not the same priorities of the world around us. The burden of distinction we carry is one which has us die to ourselves, our own ambitions and desires, and to place before us the things of God instead. To others, this may appear to be a detestable path of death, when in reality this burden, our cross, is ultimately the path of life.

Matthew 10:38-39 – And whoever doesn’t take up his cross and follow me is not worthy of me. Anyone who finds his life will lose it, and anyone who loses his life because of me will find it.

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Choosing forgiveness and life over anger

Yeshua teaches that anger with a brother is liable to a judgment equivalent to that of murder. Why such a severe judgment on a natural emotion? And how does this reconcile with evidence of God’s anger with his own people?

Core of the Bible Podcast #21 – Choosing forgiveness and life over anger

Today we will be exploring the topic of forgiveness, and how forgiveness can be a beacon of life that overcomes anger. But in order for us to understand about forgiveness overcoming anger, we will need to look a little closer at how the Bible represents anger in its various forms.

Yeshua stated it this way:

“You have heard that it was said to those of old, ‘You shall not murder; and whoever murders will be liable to judgment.’ But I say to you that everyone who is angry with his brother will be liable to judgment; whoever insults his brother will be liable to the council; and whoever says, ‘You fool!’ will be liable to the hell of fire.” Matthew 5:21-22

Believers should not call someone a fool or an idiot or be unrighteously angry with anyone. According to Yeshua, the damage caused by emotional outbursts of anger is equivalent to taking the life of an individual. Anger breeds an environment of death.

For example, this principle of anger breeding an environment of death is exemplified by Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon in the time of Daniel.

Daniel 2:10-12 The Chaldeans answered the king, “No one on earth can make known what the king requests. Consequently, no king, however great and powerful, has ever asked anything like this of any magician, medium, or Chaldean. “What the king is asking is so difficult that no one can make it known to him except the gods, whose dwelling is not with mortals.” Because of this, the king became violently angry and gave orders to destroy all the wise men of Babylon.

Proverbs 29:22 An angry person stirs up conflict, and a hot-tempered one increases rebellion.

Have you ever known a hot-tempered individual to be considered a level-headed peacemaker? Of course not. Anger is not the way of building bridges between dissenting opinions, but a way of squashing all opposition, or in aggressively attempting to sway others to a particular point of view or call to action to harm others.

In an Old Testament instance of this, a robbery by some rogue Israelite tribal members caused a conflict. A man named Micah went shouting and chasing after some of the men of the tribe of Dan after the Danites had stolen some of his belongings.

Judges 18:23-25 [Micah’s men] were shouting as they caught up with them [the Danites]. The men of Dan turned around and said to Micah, “What’s the matter? Why have you called these men together and chased after us like this?” “What do you mean, ‘What’s the matter?'” Micah replied. “You’ve taken away all the gods I have made, and my priest, and I have nothing left!” The men of Dan said, “Watch what you say! There are some short-tempered men around here who might get angry and kill you and your family.”

This is typically the result of short-tempered individuals; further damage and harm ensues.

Another consideration regarding angry words is that what is said is an unfiltered version of what is really in a person’s heart. According to Yeshua, the words we speak always come from the overflow of the heart.

Luke 6:45 The good person out of the good treasure of his heart produces good, and the evil person out of his evil treasure produces evil, for out of the abundance of the heart his mouth speaks.

If we are harboring anger towards another individual in our heart, there is a fair likelihood that anger will be expressed, and not in a pretty fashion.

It is for these reasons that Yeshua equates anger with murder; the damage done can have long-lasting consequences that may not have been fully intended. Once that damage is done, trying to restore that relationship can seem as daunting as trying to resuscitate an individual who has been murdered by your words.

The good news is, God is in the life-giving business. To overcome the error of “killing” someone with our anger, Yeshua encourages the opposite to anger: forgiveness. Now I know that, at first blush, forgiveness may not sound like anger’s opposite; perhaps something like peace might be more fitting. But when you boil it down to essentials, peace is really based on forgiveness. Forgiveness can heal breaches in trust or the wounds of anger and resentment. Forgiveness is a creator of peace. Where anger breeds death, forgiveness breeds life.

Let’s look at some illustrations of this. When Joab tried to convince David to receive his son Absalom back whom he had banished, Joab creates a ruse with a woman to appear before the king and plead for his intent. In the speech that Joab provided her, she reveals a truth about the nature of God and forgiveness.

2 Samuel 14:14 For we must die, and are as water spilled on the ground, which can’t be gathered up again; neither does God take away life, but devises means, that he who is banished not be an outcast from him.

In this speech, the opposite of taking away life is forgiveness and restoration. This is the same principle that the apostle Paul uses in conveying the new life that believers have in Messiah, because God has forgiven us.

Colossians 2:13 And you being dead in the trespasses and in the uncircumcision of your flesh, He made alive together with Him, having forgiven us all our trespasses…

You see, if we were dead in our rebellious state, then God made us alive through forgiving us. Forgiveness breeds life, and our very forgiven status in the estimation of God proves it. If you have received forgiveness from God and are experiencing new life in Messiah, you should very clearly understand this principle.

Now, while all of this sounds very noble and worthy of our effort, we must also consider another aspect of anger that can be troubling if we haven’t previously considered it. What about instances when God is shown to have demonstrated anger? If God has gotten angry, why should he expect that we don’t get angry? Is he expecting that we have more emotional control than he does?

It’s a valid question and one that deserves a little further investigation. Here is an example, when Moses is arguing with God as to why he doesn’t feel that he is a good fit for this whole prophet thing that God is commanding him to do with Pharaoh.

Exodus 4:10-15 But Moses pleaded with the LORD, “O Lord, I’m not very good with words. I never have been, and I’m not now, even though you have spoken to me. I get tongue-tied, and my words get tangled.” Then the LORD asked Moses, “Who makes a person’s mouth? Who decides whether people speak or do not speak, hear or do not hear, see or do not see? Is it not I, the LORD? Now go! I will be with you as you speak, and I will instruct you in what to say.” But Moses again pleaded, “Lord, please! Send anyone else.” Then the LORD became angry with Moses. “All right,” he said. “What about your brother, Aaron the Levite? I know he speaks well. And look! He is on his way to meet you now. He will be delighted to see you. Talk to him, and put the words in his mouth. I will be with both of you as you speak, and I will instruct you both in what to do.

This is actually the first instance in the Bible where we see God getting angry, or at least the first representation of his anger. Here are some other examples to illustrate this further.

Numbers 11:1 The people were complaining in the ears of Yahweh. When Yahweh heard it, his anger burned; and Yahweh’s fire burned among them, and consumed some of the outskirts of the camp.

Numbers 11:4 The mixed multitude that was among them lusted exceedingly; and the children of Israel also wept again, and said, “Who will give us meat to eat? 5 We remember the fish, which we ate in Egypt for nothing; the cucumbers, and the melons, and the leeks, and the onions, and the garlic; 6 but now we have lost our appetite. There is nothing at all except this manna to look at.”… 10 Moses heard the people weeping throughout their families, every man at the door of his tent; and Yahweh’s anger burned greatly; and Moses was displeased.

Numbers 12:1 Miriam and Aaron spoke against Moses because of the Cushite woman whom he had married; for he had married a Cushite woman. 2 They said, “Has Yahweh indeed spoken only with Moses? Hasn’t he spoken also with us?” And Yahweh heard it. … 8 [Yahweh speaking] With him [Moses], I will speak mouth to mouth, even plainly, and not in riddles; and he shall see Yahweh’s form. Why then were you not afraid to speak against my servant, against Moses?” 9 Yahweh’s anger burned against them; and he departed.

Numbers 25:1 Israel stayed in Shittim; and the people began to play the prostitute with the daughters of Moab; 2 for they called the people to the sacrifices of their gods. The people ate and bowed down to their gods. 3 Israel joined himself to Baal Peor, and Yahweh’s anger burned against Israel. 4 Yahweh said to Moses, “Take all the chiefs of the people, and hang them up to Yahweh before the sun, that the fierce anger of Yahweh may turn away from Israel.”

Numbers 32:10 Yahweh’s anger burned in that day, and he swore, saying, 11 ‘Surely none of the men who came up out of Egypt, from twenty years old and upward, shall see the land which I swore to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob; because they have not wholly followed me, 12 except Caleb the son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite, and Joshua the son of Nun, because they have followed Yahweh completely.’ 13 Yahweh’s anger burned against Israel, and he made them wander back and forth in the wilderness forty years, until all the generation who had done evil in Yahweh’s sight was consumed.

The language used in these passages reveals a few things. First, if we were to translate the phrase as it stands literally, it is a description of someone’s face becoming heated or burning to where their nostrils flare or they breathe heavily. Of course, this is a depiction of what we would call the emotion of anger. As this relates to God, it is as though the biblical writers are using the only words they have to describe the displeasure of God in these instances.

Does God have a face that actually gets hot, or nostrils that flare while he breathes heavily in frustration and anger? These would be what we would call anthropomorphisms: attributing human characteristics to God. This is simply because we, in our limited sense, cannot conceive of it in any other way, so we project onto God the characteristics we ourselves exhibit in similar situations.

Interestingly most of these occurrences are in the book of Numbers. So either the people were extra-rebellious or the writer of the book of Numbers chose to use that phrase repeatedly to express God’s displeasure.

Okay, but doesn’t the text still imply that God is getting angry? Of course, but we need to consider this: what is God getting angry about in each instance? Isn’t it basically disobedience to his revealed will?

Look at the examples again: Moses didn’t want to go to Pharaoh; the people were complaining about the provision of manna as a sole food source; Miriam and Aaron were rebelling against God’s choice of Moses; the people were submitting to idolatry instead of following God; the people rebelled against God’s plan to conquer the land of Canaan, etc.

God had every right to express anger because of disobedience to, or dissatisfaction with, his revealed will. This is a justifiable reason for his anger because, well, he is God, and his purpose and will is supreme.

In a similar way, when we get angry, it is typically because something isn’t happening according to our will; something isn’t going the way we want, or someone isn’t doing what we want them to do. However, the difference between our anger and God’s is that our understanding of a situation is limited by our own perceptions; God’s understanding is perfect and not limited in any way.

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When God is expressing anger at disobedience to his will he knows it is absolute and final because he knows all things about all people. When things don’t go our way, there may be a number of reasons why this is the case, and we can, and often do, easily assign the wrong motive or cause because of our limited perception. This causes us many times to be angry for the wrong reasons, whether due to emotional instability or incomplete information, but by then the damage is done.

This is why God has a right to command us to not get angry with others, not because we are supposed to somehow be more in control of our emotions than he is. It is simply because we are rarely angry for the correct reason, in the right amount, with the right individual. God’s perception and perspective is always perfect and justified. Our perceptions skew reality to our own misunderstandings of a particular situation. Anger is usually a demonstration of our own unfiltered, and typically unjustified, opinion. Therefore, God commands us to provide grace for the things we don’t know and for the situations we may not have full knowledge of.

For example, a popular story by Valerie Cox called The Cookie Thief illustrates this point rather well.

A woman was waiting at an airport one night, with several long hours before her flight. She hunted for a book in the airport shops, bought a bag of cookies and found a place to drop. She was engrossed in her book but happened to see, that the man sitting beside her, as bold as could be. . .grabbed a cookie or two from the bag in between, which she tried to ignore to avoid a scene. So she munched the cookies and watched the clock, as the gutsy cookie thief diminished her stock. She was getting more irritated as the minutes ticked by, thinking, “If I wasn’t so nice, I would blacken his eye.”With each cookie she took, he took one too, when only one was left, she wondered what he would do. With a smile on his face, and a nervous laugh, he took the last cookie and broke it in half. He offered her half, as he ate the other, she snatched it from him and thought… oooh, brother. This guy has some nerve and he’s also rude, why he didn’t even show any gratitude! She had never known when she had been so galled, and sighed with relief when her flight was called. She gathered her belongings and headed to the gate, refusing to look back at the thieving ingrate. She boarded the plane, and sank in her seat, then she sought her book, which was almost complete. As she reached in her baggage, she gasped with surprise, there was her bag of cookies, in front of her eyes. If mine are here, she moaned in despair, the others were his, and he tried to share. Too late to apologize, she realized with grief, that she was the rude one, the ingrate, the thief.

For the woman in the story, her struggle was internal, and yet she still felt awful about her misconception over the whole incident. However, when we actually lash out at others, we reveal the weakness of our own character. Raw emotion can cause division because it is typically not based on the truth, but only on a perception of what one believes to be true. The reality of a situation may be significantly different.

Ecclesiastes 7:9 Don’t let your spirit rush to be angry, for anger abides in the heart of fools.

Even though God may be completely justified in his anger, he still does not rush in emotionally frantic because someone disobeyed his will. In proclaiming his character to Moses, he relates how his anger, although justifiable, is still not instantaneous:

Exodus 34:6 Yahweh passed in front of him and proclaimed: Yahweh – Yahweh is a compassionate and gracious God, slow to anger and abounding in faithful love and truth,

Even though Israel time after time rejected God and chose their own ways, God was slow to anger, as Nehemiah relates.

Nehemiah 9:16 “But they and our fathers behaved proudly, hardened their neck, didn’t listen to your commandments, 17 and refused to obey. They weren’t mindful of your wonders that you did among them, but hardened their neck, and in their rebellion appointed a captain to return to their bondage. But you are a God ready to pardon, gracious and merciful, slow to anger, and abundant in loving kindness, and didn’t forsake them.

Numbers 14:18 “The LORD is slow to anger and abounding in faithful love, forgiving iniquity and rebellion. But he will not leave the guilty unpunished, bringing the consequences of the fathers’ iniquity on the children to the third and fourth generation.

God’s anger and his justice are tied at the hip. We saw this in all those passages in Numbers where God is described as being angry. The results of that anger were typically a measure of justice or discipline.

When the people complained about only having manna to eat, a fire burned in the outskirts of the camp, consuming them. When Miriam complained about God only speaking through Moses, she was disciplined with temporary leprosy. When the Israelites succumbed to idolatry, their leaders were hanged. When the people refused to take the land he had given them, he forced them to wander in the desert for forty years.

When he is meting out deserved punishment, his justice can appear as anger. But when the truth of a situation is known from his perspective, it can be recognized as being a natural outworking of consequences based on unfaithful actions.

If God, who knows all things about all people at all times, is considered slow to anger, should we not then also take even longer to become angry, knowing that we are extremely limited in our understanding of others and their motives? This is why Yeshua cautions us against judging others, because our standards are likely unjust, and God will then be justified in using our own standards against us.

If anger fosters death, then as we have seen, forgiveness fosters life. What anger kills, forgiveness resuscitates. Angry words designed to hurt are rendered powerless through the life generated by forgiveness.

Matthew 18:21-22 Then Peter came up and said to him, “Lord, how often will my brother sin against me, and I forgive him? As many as seven times?” Jesus said to him, “I do not say to you seven times, but seventy-seven times.

Meting out forgiveness seventy-seven times in one day is an obvious hyperbolic emphasis by Yeshua to illustrate that the stores of forgiveness available to us are bountiful enough to outlast and overcome any personal infraction.

Ephesians 4:26 Be angry and do not sin. Don’t let the sun go down on your anger,

Anger is a real emotion that conveys real intensity of thought and principle to bear in a situation. Anger itself is a creation of God. But the caution for us is if we are choosing to express anger, we are to do so without sin. That is a very fine line, and one that is not typically identified or heeded in a heated passionate outburst.

Even if we are justifiably angry, we are encouraged to resolve that conflict before the start of a new day. There should not be bitterness and unresolved conflict over days, weeks, months, or God forbid, years. I have seen that level of unrelenting anger in my own experiences growing up, and nothing good ever came of that level of unforgiveness and anger over past situations. If we are to be justifiably angry, it should not last longer than a day. Beyond that, we are entering into a realm of ongoing conflict, rebellion, and death.

Numbers 14:18 “Yahweh is slow to anger and abounding in faithful love, forgiving iniquity and rebellion.

If we are to mimic our heavenly Father in all things, then we should likewise be slow to anger, but abounding in faithful love and forgiveness. This is the root of life that can overcome the state of death present in our petty anger and hostility.

Life can always overcome death. Choose life.

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Well, once again, I hope I’ve been able to provide you some ideas and concepts to meditate on further. We need to keep in mind that when we express anger, we are treading in areas of potential death and destruction in the lives of others. Although we may feel justified, we are rarely angry at the right time, in the right amount, and with the right individual. Instead, we should choose to foster life and restoration through forgiveness. This is the true path to being the peacemaker that Yeshua enjoins us to be.