Tag: church

Titles for God’s People: The Body of Christ

The true Body of Christ represents all believers unified by faith and love, transcending physical assemblies and denominations.

Last time, I discussed the Church (or the Assembly) and concluded that the true Church, the Assembly of Messiah, is that spiritual entity which is built upon faith in him. If you have not yet read or listened to that article, I would suggest reviewing it ahead of today’s discussion, as I will be building on terminology that was explained in detail there. Today, I will continue to focus on the spiritual nature of the Assembly of God’s people as we discuss the Body of Christ, because the two terms are equated in the biblical writings.

THE BODY OF CHRIST

In his writings to the various congregations, Paul began to use the term of the body of Messiah to mean the collective group of Messianic believers that was in the process of becoming a new sect amidst the synagogues.

That the body and the church (or the Assembly) were considered synonymous by Paul can be demonstrated in these famous passages he wrote to the believers in Ephesus and Colosse:

Ephesians 1:22-23 – And he [God] subjected everything under his [Messiah’s] feet and appointed him as head over everything for the assembly, which is his body, the fullness of the one who fills all things in every way.

Colossians 1:18, 24 – He [Messiah] is also the head of the body, the assembly … Now I rejoice in my sufferings for you, and I am completing in my flesh what is lacking in Messiah’s afflictions for his body, that is, the assembly.

So we can see how Paul clearly equated the body of Messiah with Messiah’s church/assembly. When the term body was used in the context of the Assembly, Paul was using the term in that universal, overall sense that we saw previously in Acts 9:31.

Acts 9:31 ESV – So the church [that is, the Assembly] throughout all Judea and Galilee and Samaria had peace and was being built up. And walking in the fear of the Lord and in the comfort of the Holy Spirit, it multiplied.

The body was never equated with the local assembly or gathering, as in “the body at Colosse” or “the body at Thessolonica.” It was also not used of a specific building or place of worship, but always with the generalized meaning of the ekklesia, the overall growing Assembly of “called out ones.”

The apostle Paul made ample use of the body as a metaphor for how the individual believers, when taken together as a whole group, collectively were to make up the “body” of Messiah as his representative people. These were the scattered believers among the synagogues in which he conducted his missionary activities, some of which had even begun new, Messianic-based synagogue/assemblies.

UNITY AND FUNCTION IN THE BODY

What is interesting about the term the body of Christ/Messiah as it occurred in Paul’s writings is that he always seemed to use it in the context of either defining the function of individual members within the larger group or providing a metaphor for unity among competing factions.

For example, Paul used the body metaphor as a way of describing the function of the different spiritual gifts that had been given to them, just like individual body parts, were to have been supplementing the unity they already possessed with each other, not creating further division.

  • Romans 12:4-6  – Now as we have many parts in one body, and all the parts do not have the same function, in the same way we who are many are one body in Messiah and individually members of one another. According to the grace given to us, we have different gifts…
  • 1 Corinthians 12:4-7 – Now there are different gifts, but the same Spirit. There are different ministries, but the same Lord. And there are different activities, but the same God works all of them in each person. A manifestation of the Spirit is given to each person for the common good…

Notice how Paul said these gifts were individual manifestations of the spiritual unity they already possessed, by the grace of God, within the spiritual body of Messiah. The unique gifts of the Spirit had been given also for the good of the overall Assembly, the body of Messiah, and not just for the benefit of an individual or a local, earthly congregation. This is why we see gifted individuals like Paul, Barnabas, Timothy, Stephen, Mark, etc. traveling between congregations, to build up the overall Assembly, the Body of Messiah at that time.

1 Corinthians 12:12-14 – For just as the body is one and has many members, and all the members of the body, though many, are one body, so it is with Christ. For by one Spirit we were all baptized into one body–Jews or Greeks, slaves or free–and all were made to drink of one Spirit. For the body does not consist of one member but of many.

Paul says there is one Body, created by immersion into that one Body by one Spirit. This is the very definition of an eternal, spiritual entity. If it is a spiritual baptism that joins the body together, then that Body, by default, must be a spiritual body or collection of individuals; hence, a spiritual Assembly, not an earthly one. This is why the body of Messiah is not a single physical assembly of people on the earth, but rather a spiritual assembly of all those who have ever professed Yeshua as the Messiah. This is also why the Body, as a spiritual entity, was to have been manifested, not through physical organizations, but through spiritual gifts as signs to the non-believing Jews of the day.

Paul appeared to have been building on the foundation of spiritual baptism laid down by both John the Baptizer and Yeshua, as they had taught of the necessity of a spiritual baptism:

Mark 1:8 – I indeed have baptized you with water: but he will baptize you with the Holy Spirit.

Luke 3:16 – John answered, saying to [them] all, I indeed baptize you with water; but one mightier than I cometh, the latchet of whose shoes I am not worthy to unloose: he will baptize you with the Holy Spirit, and with fire:

Acts 1:5 – [Yeshua says:] for John baptized with water, but before many days you shall be baptized with the Holy Spirit.”

So it’s not surprising that the apostle Paul continued to build on that premise, that the believers had been spiritually baptized by one Spirit into one spiritual Body of believers.

UNITY THROUGH DIVERSITY IN STATION OF LIFE

In other instances, beyond the diversity of the spiritual gifts they had received, Paul uses the metaphor of the Body in the context of providing for spiritual unity through diversity of background or station in life: Jew or Greek, slave or free, man or woman. The radical ideal of this level of equality among believers in Paul’s day cannot be overstated. There have been no historical equivalents in antiquity. In first-century Judea and throughout the Roman world, class division, elitism, gender inequity and human rights abuses were more pervasive than in our current cultures, even with all of our current societal failings. Yet, Paul stressed the unity that should be evident among believing communities:

  • Galatians 3:27-28 – For those of you who were baptized into Messiah have been clothed with Messiah. There is no Jew or Greek, slave or free, male and female; since you are all one in Messiah Yeshua.
  • 1 Corinthians 12:12-14 – For just as the body is one and has many parts, and all the parts of that body, though many, are one body — so also is Messiah. For we were all baptized by one Spirit into one body — whether Jews or Greeks, whether slaves or free — and we were all given one Spirit to drink. Indeed, the body is not one part but many.
  • 1 Corinthians 12:23-25 – And those parts of the body that we consider less honorable, we clothe these with greater honor, and our unrespectable parts are treated with greater respect, which our respectable parts do not need. Instead, God has put the body together, giving greater honor to the less honorable, so that there would be no division in the body, but that the members would have the same concern for each other.

Paul taught that the best way to provide for the balance and overcome those divisions was not by seeking the best or most important spiritual gifts, or by emphasizing national or class supremacy, but through unified concern and love for one another, because only the love that was of God had the capacity to resolve everything and provide for lasting unity.

1 Corinthians 13:4-8 – Love is patient, love is kind. Love does not envy, is not boastful, is not arrogant, is not rude, is not self-seeking, is not irritable, and does not keep a record of wrongs. Love finds no joy in unrighteousness but rejoices in the truth. It bears all things, believes all things, hopes all things, endures all things. Love never ends…

If this kind of love is eternal, then it is a spiritual reality. But the beauty of the gospel message is that this type of love is a spiritual reality in heaven that can be uniquely expressed in the here and now. The entire summary of Paul’s argument over these chapters on spiritual gifts is that love is THE single spiritual ideal that ALL within the Body of Messiah were to attain to express here on earth. All of the other gifts combined are of no consequence if they were not expressing God’s love in their lives. Love is the “more excellent way” (1 Cor. 12:31).

Once again, Paul appeared to have been building on what Yeshua had previously taught about the primary importance of the expression of this spiritual love.

  • Mat 5:44 – But I say to you, Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you,
  • Mat 22:37, 39 – 37 And he said to him, “You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your mind. … 39 And a second is like it, You shall love your neighbor as yourself.
  • Luke 6:35 – But love your enemies, and do good, and lend, expecting nothing in return; and your reward will be great, and you will be sons of the Most High; for he is kind to the ungrateful and the selfish.
  • John 13:35 – By this all men will know that you are my disciples, if you have love for one another.”
  • John 15:10, 12, 17 – 10 If you keep my commandments, you will abide in my love, just as I have kept my Father’s commandments and abide in his love. … 12 This is my commandment, that you love one another as I have loved you. … 17 This I command you, to love one another.

The other apostolic writings agree on expressing this spiritual love, even to the point that if one does not have love for others that it is likely an indicator that one needs to evaluate the sincerity of their own faith.

  • James 2:8 RSV – If you really fulfil the royal law, according to the scripture, “You shall love your neighbor as yourself,” you do well.
  • 1 Peter 1:22 RSV – Having purified your souls by your obedience to the truth for a sincere love of the brethren, love one another earnestly from the heart.
  • 1 Peter 3:8 RSV – Finally, all of you, have unity of spirit, sympathy, love of the brethren, a tender heart and a humble mind.
  • 1 Peter 4:8 RSV – Above all hold unfailing your love for one another, since love covers a multitude of sins.
  • 1 John 4:7-8 RSV – Beloved, let us love one another; for love is of God, and he who loves is born of God and knows God. He who does not love does not know God; for God is love.

Yeshua expected that his followers would love him as their Lord, love God as their Father, love one another, and even love their enemies. This is the root of the spiritual unity that would bind his spiritual Assembly, his body, together forever, and it transcends all space and time. I believe that this is why the body of Messiah, his assembly, feels like it should be present now, even though it is not discernible in any one physical organization. There is no one physical church, denomination, or  organization on the earth which currently can be identified as the place where his Body exists. And yet, every person who has encountered Yahweh God through his Spirit and his Word has been baptized by his Spirit into this eternal, unseen fellowship of the Kingdom. There is only one true church or assembly, but it is that spiritual assembly of Messiah which is eternal in the heavens. Believers today demonstrate their spiritual participation in that assembly by expressing the spiritual love that only God can provide when their hearts have been renewed. It is in this way that the Body of Christ becomes evident on the earth.

1 John 4:7-8 – Dear friends, let us love one another, because love is from God, and everyone who loves has been born of God and knows God. The one who does not love does not know God, because God is love.

Faith in Yeshua as God’s Son, the Anointed Lord of his Kingdom, and love born of a repentant and renewed heart is what defines the true Body of Messiah, his Assembly.

John 3:3, 6 KJV – (Yeshua speaking)…Except a man be born again, he cannot see the kingdom of God. … That which is born of the flesh is flesh; and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit.

Yeshua taught that the spiritual Kingdom of God had drawn near, and it required repentance and new birth from above to experience it. We, therefore, are a Kingdom people. Yeshua said his kingdom was “not of (or from) this world.” This type of love does not emanate from this world; it comes from above.

He also said his Assembly that he would build would exist beyond the gates of the realm of death. Everything he taught was fulfilling the natural types and shadows, and elevating them into eternal, spiritual realities where they could exist for all time.

THE BODY AS A TEMPLE

Yeshua, through the revelation expressed to the apostle John, taught about a spiritual temple where believers would dwell in God’s presence:

Revelation 3:12 RSV – He who conquers, I will make him a pillar in the temple of my God; never shall he go out of it, and I will write on him the name of my God, and the name of the city of my God, the new Jerusalem which comes down from my God out of heaven, and my own new name.

Likewise, both Peter and Paul taught that believers had come to that spiritual temple.

1 Peter 2:4-5 ESV – As you come to him, a living stone rejected by men but in the sight of God chosen and precious, you yourselves like living stones are being built up as a spiritual house, to be a holy priesthood, to offer spiritual sacrifices acceptable to God through Jesus Christ.

1 Corinthians 3:16-17 RSV – Do you not know that you are God’s temple and that God’s Spirit dwells in you? If any one destroys God’s temple, God will destroy him. For God’s temple is holy, and that temple you are.

1 Corinthians 6:19 RSV – Do you not know that your body is a temple of the Holy Spirit within you, which you have from God? You are not your own;

2 Corinthians 6:16 RSV – What agreement has the temple of God with idols? For we are the temple of the living God; as God said, “I will live in them and move among them, and I will be their God, and they shall be my people.

Ephesians 2:17-22 RSV – And he came and preached peace to you who were far off and peace to those who were near; for through him we both have access in one Spirit to the Father. So then you are no longer strangers and sojourners, but you are fellow citizens with the saints and members of the household of God, built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Messiah Yeshua himself being the cornerstone, in whom the whole structure is joined together and grows into a holy temple in the Lord; in whom you also are built into it for a dwelling place of God in the Spirit.

If the physical body of Messiah was a temple of God because of the indwelling holy Spirit with which he was anointed, then it follows that the spiritual body of his believers would also become a spiritual temple in which God would dwell, as he had prophesied.

The physical temple in Jerusalem was in its final days during this covenantal transition until its destruction in 70 AD. Through this event, God was making it clear that the Jewish cultic sacrifices and rituals would no longer be necessary, as the new covenant was a spiritual covenant available to all people by faith in Messiah, no longer based in a central location, but would be spread to the world. This was also a fulfillment of the prophecy of Yeshua during his discussion with the Samaritan woman at the well:

John 4:20-21 CSB – “Our ancestors worshiped on this mountain, but you Jews say that the place to worship is in Jerusalem.” Jesus told her, “Believe me, woman, an hour is coming when you will worship the Father neither on this mountain nor in Jerusalem.

All of the prophecies foretold of nations coming to Zion, the spiritual city that would supersede the physical Jerusalem. It was to be a heavenly (spiritual) Jerusalem, as described by the writer of Hebrews, and the apostle John in the book of the Revelation:

Hebrews 12:22-23 RSV – But you have come to Mount Zion and to the city of the living God, the heavenly Jerusalem, and to innumerable angels in festal gathering, and to the assembly of the first-born who are enrolled in heaven, and to a judge who is God of all, and to the spirits of just men made perfect…

To further illustrate the spiritual nature of the new creation, not only is the temple shown to be the combined unity of all of those whom God has called, the temple imagery ultimately dissolves into the overall glory of the Father and the Son.

Revelation 21:22 RSV – And I saw no temple in the city, for its temple is the Lord God the Almighty and the Lamb.

Paul wrote about it this way:

1 Corinthians 15:28 CSB – When everything is subject to Christ, then the Son himself will also be subject to the one who subjected everything to him, so that God may be all in all.

This is the body of believers in and among whom God and the Lamb dwell. It is the body of believers from all ages who are in God’s presence for all eternity.

UNITY THROUGH LOVE

So, my question to you is this: why do we keep looking on the earth for that which is eternal only in the heavens?

And this is the conclusion I have reached regarding the assembly, the body of Christ. It does not reside in any one group or organization here on earth. Equally, it is not a sum of all of the different Christian factions present in the world today. It cannot be the collective of all denominations, as we continue to be separated by doctrinal minutiae and creedal stances, many of which are diametrically opposed to one another. Even the members within each faction do not subscribe completely to the creeds and doctrine of their respective denomination.  Each group also contains within itself its share of “tares among the wheat,” those insincere or hypocritical people who may only have a surface assent to biblical principles but who are not exhibiting the spiritual fruit of love in their lives. These facts alone demonstrate how a unified Body of Christ does not exist (in a physical sense) on the earth today.

As critical as that may make me appear, I’m beginning to believe that all of these differing theological positions are actually by way of intentional design by God, because the differing denominational beliefs among Bible believers should not be the barrier to unity among God’s people, but the means of reestablishing our true unity. True unity can only be established in love, and only love can overcome differences of opinion. When we learn to express our differences in love, we open lines of communication previously blocked by competing traditions. We may not all agree on everything, but we can be united in love in our devotion to God and to one another.

Psalm 133:1, 3 ESV – Behold, how good and pleasant it is when brothers dwell in unity! … It is like the dew of Hermon, which falls on the mountains of Zion! For there the LORD has commanded the blessing, life forevermore.

While the Bible states that it is a blessing to live in harmony and agreement with others, we must not hold out total agreement as the uniting factor. It must be love which reveals the unity we already possess in Christ, not creedal agreement. This is a difficult distinction but one that we must be mature enough to accept and to practice. If we are to love even our enemies, as Yeshua taught, we should certainly be able to love our brothers. When the rest of the world can begin to see God’s children loving one another in spite of their differences, they will be more likely to be drawn to a loving community rather than one that shoots arrows at each other.

Yeshua called us to be peace makers, not just peace lovers. We must actively work to make peace with all others, as much as it depends on us individually. This is not intuitive or natural from a fleshly perspective, but it is a godly ability that he provides when we become new creations in him.

Romans 15:1-7 NLT – We who are strong must be considerate of those who are sensitive about things like this. We must not just please ourselves. We should help others do what is right and build them up in the Lord. For even Christ didn’t live to please himself. As the Scriptures say, “The insults of those who insult you, O God, have fallen on me.” Such things were written in the Scriptures long ago to teach us. And the Scriptures give us hope and encouragement as we wait patiently for God’s promises to be fulfilled. May God, who gives this patience and encouragement, help you live in complete harmony with each other, as is fitting for followers of Christ Jesus. Then all of you can join together with one voice, giving praise and glory to God, the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ. Therefore, accept each other just as Christ has accepted you so that God will be given glory.

God, therefore, receives glory when we accept each other.

I have understood that this maturity could only be accomplished when faithful believers were to pass into the next age beyond this existence, the age of the resurrection. In that age, the believers would no longer be pulled apart by competing theological doctrines. While it is true the age of the resurrection began when God redeemed his first-century people, including the saints of old, that age continues to this day. The saints were raised and given immortal bodies, and were to exist in his presence forever. From that point forward, we now live in the age that when we, as believers, die, we are brought into his presence immediately. This is how Yeshua overcame death. He was the new Adam, the firstfruit of the new creation and we are the rest of the crop that is harvested as it ripens.

I believe it is in one sense that we are living in the age of resurrection predicted by Messiah, not because we have already attained our spiritual-body resurrection, but because death no longer has its grip on those who place their faith in Messiah. He has become the life-giving Spirit who provides eternal life to those who repent of sinfulness and trust in him. This will be fulfilled when we pass from this life into his eternal presence. Unity on the earth in this day and age is complicated with Statements of Faith and creeds and doctrinal disagreements over the minutiae of Scriptural texts. However, to be “in Christ” is to have life and unity within the spiritual Body of Christ now, by the grace of God, and these petty things shall be resolved when we are in his Presence forever.

HOW WE ARE TO LEARN AND GROW

If there is no one, true “church” on the earth, how are we to learn and grow in spiritual things? Don’t we need some sort of authoritative teacher or apostolic tradition to guide us? Well, we already have both!

Even though he never personally wrote a book, we have a single faithful Teacher: Messiah.

Matthew 23:8-10 NKJV – “But you, do not be called ‘Rabbi’; for One is your Teacher, the Christ, and you are all brethren. “Do not call anyone on earth your father; for One is your Father, He who is in heaven. “And do not be called teachers; for One is your Teacher, the Christ.

Additionally, those who were his apostles wrote down all doctrine necessary for our walk with God which has been provided to us in the Scriptures that we have.

2 Peter 1:13-15 ESV – I think it right, as long as I am in this body, to stir you up by way of reminder, since I know that the putting off of my body will be soon, as our Lord Jesus Christ made clear to me. And I will make every effort so that after my departure you may be able at any time to recall these things.

1 John 1:1-3 ESV – That which was from the beginning, which we have heard, which we have seen with our eyes, which we looked upon and have touched with our hands, concerning the word of life– the life was made manifest, and we have seen it, and testify to it and proclaim to you the eternal life, which was with the Father and was made manifest to us– that which we have seen and heard we proclaim also to you, so that you too may have fellowship with us; and indeed our fellowship is with the Father and with his Son Jesus Christ.

While this was written to first-century believers awaiting the imminent return of Messiah, I believe the same Spirit of God helps us understand Messiah’s teachings today because we are all baptized into that one spiritual Body by one Spirit for all time. Being led by the Spirit in the way of righteousness is the fulfillment of all that God had desired to do, as prophesied numerous times throughout the Scriptures:

Isaiah 2:3 – and many peoples shall come, and say: “Come, let us go up to the mountain of the LORD, to the house of the God of Jacob; that he may teach us his ways and that we may walk in his paths.” For out of Zion shall go forth the law, and the word of the LORD from Jerusalem.

Isaiah 54:13 – All your sons shall be taught by the LORD, and great shall be the prosperity of your sons.

Jeremiah 31:33-34 – But this is the covenant which I will make with the house of Israel after those days, says the LORD: I will put my law within them, and I will write it upon their hearts; and I will be their God, and they shall be my people. And no longer shall each man teach his neighbor and each his brother, saying, ‘Know the LORD,’ for they shall all know me, from the least of them to the greatest, says the LORD; for I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more.”

Micah 4:2 – and many nations shall come, and say: “Come, let us go up to the mountain of the LORD, to the house of the God of Jacob; that he may teach us his ways and we may walk in his paths.” For out of Zion shall go forth the law, and the word of the LORD from Jerusalem.

Hebrews 8:11 – And they shall not teach every one his fellow or every one his brother, saying, ‘Know the Lord,’ for all shall know me, from the least of them to the greatest.

John 6:45 – It is written in the prophets, ‘And they shall all be taught by God.’ Every one who has heard and learned from the Father comes to me.

I believe that God teaches those who are repentant, renewing their hearts and drawing them to himself through his Spirit, realized in Messiah, the Lord of his Kingdom.

In summary, I believe the Body of Christ/Messiah is synonymous with the universal Assembly/Church of Messiah. It is a spiritual collection of believers from all ages which is defined as those who have placed their faith in Yeshua as the Messiah (or Anointed One) of God, and who seek first his Kingdom by expressing God’s love from renewed hearts. We must exercise care if we look for a representative authoritative organization of his Body on the earth. If there was to be such a thing as a single, “true” Church, just like any other representative thing, it could become idolatrous because its adherents would begin to rely more on that Church than on the God of that church. This was what had happened to the Jews in Yeshua’s day; they had put their traditions above the true intent of God’s Torah and had created an idolatrous system, “the mother of all harlots” (Revelation 17:5) which God, in righteous judgment, had needed to destroy.

But out from the destruction of the idolatrous entity, a new body had been formed from the deep roots of Abraham’s faith: the Body of Christ. Therefore, by establishing his church as a spiritual assembly, Messiah placed his community outside the reach of sin and corruption in this world; a perfect Bride which would live and rule with him in God’s image for eternity.

This will be the final topic next time in our review of the titles for God’s people: the Bride of Christ.

Titles for God’s People: The Church

Exploring the significance and evolution of terms such as “Church,” “Body,” and “Assembly” within biblical context.

As I mentioned previously, we are currently doing a little miniseries on the titles for God’s people. Those of you who are regular readers may wonder why it has been so long since my last article was published, so I thought a quick word might help bridge that gap. After all, it has been about a year since I started this miniseries on the titles for God’s people.

During this time, in my personal studies I have gotten off into some pretty deep rabbit holes regarding the Body of Christ specifically, and I wanted to be sure I had some sure footing before I related some of my thoughts on that title. Since the term is primarily used by the apostle Paul, I have been challenged on some of my previous notions about what he meant in using that term. After months of reading articles and commentary and cross-referencing biblical passages and Greek and Hebrew terms, I believe I have a better understanding that remains consistent with the views I have been presenting here. I just thought you should know that, as believers, we sometimes reach conclusions that can affect our entire worldview, and those are principles that we should think very carefully about.

Over these few past episodes, we have been looking at the following terms in some detail: believer and Christian, the Remnant and the Elect, and we will continue with the Church and the Body and the Bride of Christ. These are all terms that by most accounts are considered synonymous and applicable to the people today who claim to believe in Messiah. However, in these studies I have been looking at scriptural reasons as to why I believe some of those terms do not apply to God’s people today, and yet how God has worked within these various aspects of his people over the ages to accomplish specific things for the good of all.

Last time, we explored how the terms the remnant and the elect designated those through whom God was choosing to work and to whom he maintained his covenantal faithfulness, specifically in that first century generation. We now come to two more synonymous terms which are a little more abstract in nature: the Church and the Body.

Now, while I had envisioned covering both of these terms together, I have so many concepts to share about each that I have decided to break this information into two separate episodes; one on the Church and one on the Body of Christ. So let’s begin today by looking at the title for God’s people known as the Church.

TERMINOLOGY: CHURCH AND ASSEMBLY

The word itself, church, comes to us from the Greek kyriakon meaning “of the Lord”.  In the Bible, kyriakon is used only of the supper of the Lord (1 Cor. 11:20) and the Day of the Lord (Rev. 1:10). Over the centuries, the Greek has been filtered through the proto-Germanic kirika and into the Old English chiriche to become “church” in modern English. Even though the English word wouldn’t be invented until the 11th or 12th century, a thousand years earlier the concept had been generally used when speaking of houses of worship as places “of the Lord”. Today, many church buildings are still considered houses of the Lord, but we also see churches as both buildings and as organizations.

More commonly, the word typically rendered as church in the English Bible is the Greek word ekklesia, meaning “a called out assembly”. This word is almost identical in the Latin, which is where we get the term ecclesiastical as it relates to matters of church governance and organization. Based on the concepts of the remnant and the elect that we previously reviewed, it is easy to see how this idea of a “called out assembly” became associated with the believing congregations.

However, in general ancient usage, the Greek term ekklesia really had no religious connotation and was simply used to describe an assembly or meeting of persons who had been called together for a specific purpose; it could have been any type of meeting or gathering. The Strong’s definition states:

“…among the Greeks from Thucydides (cf. Herodotus 3, 142) down, [ekklesia means] an assembly of the people convened at the public place of council for the purpose of deliberating…”

This isn’t describing a religious gathering; it’s more like a civic or town hall meeting. The ancient Greeks loved to deliberate in public meetings which, for those of you who may remember some of your history and government class at school, was the origin and foundation of democratic society.

An example of this non-religious use of the term is found even within the pages of Scripture. You may recall the story of a large mob that had gathered in the amphitheater at Ephesus after the craftsmen of idols were stirring up arguments against Paul and his companions. It was only after several hours that the city clerk could stand before the crowd and get everyone to settle down and disperse.

Acts 19:39-41 – “But if you seek anything further, it must be decided in a legal assembly [ekklesia]. In fact, we run a risk of being charged with rioting for what happened today, since there is no justification that we can give as a reason for this disturbance.” After saying this, he dismissed the assembly [ekklesia].

As you can see, this “assembly” of people in Acts 19 was actually a mob that almost turned into a riot, and had nothing to do with what we would consider a church gathering. But it’s the same Greek word that is used for “church” throughout the New Testament writings in our English Bibles.

As for its more religious connotation in the Bible, the word ekklesia is sometimes used in describing a local congregation and sometimes as describing the overall group of believers in general.

  • Local: Acts 13:1 – Now in the church (assembly) at Antioch there were prophets and teachers…
  • Overall: Acts 9:31 – So the church (assembly) throughout all Judea, Galilee, and Samaria had peace and was strengthened. Living in the fear of the Lord and encouraged by the holy Spirit, it increased in numbers.

So the word, as it’s used in the biblical writings, had application for individual congregations as well as the combined consideration of all of the believing congregations in a given area. It remains in the context of each passage where it is mentioned to determine its singular or collective application.

I think it’s also important to note in this context that another word in the New Testament that was used widely of religious buildings or gatherings was the Greek word synagoge, where we obviously get the word synagogue. This word was used most typically of Jewish places of gathering or assembling, which is what the word means: “house of assembly”. We have to remember that this is where the believers depicted within the New Testament gathered; there were no separate Christian church buildings at that time.

There is even an instance in James 2:2 where the word synagoge is used of the assembly or meeting of believers in Messiah.

James 2:1-2 – My brothers, do not show favoritism as you hold on to the faith in our glorious Lord Yeshua Messiah. For if someone comes into your meeting [synagoge] wearing a gold ring and dressed in fine clothes…

But in the early centuries (200-300 years after the destruction of Jerusalem) as Imperial Christianity was on the rise, the newly sanctioned Christian movement began to distance itself more and more from Jewish terminology. It became more common to adopt the concept of the church (the kyriakon, of the Lord) as opposed to the synagogue for both the location of Christian worship and to describe the collective Christian congregations which were spreading across the world.

For us to understand the biblical heritage of the word church, we actually need to study its equivalent phrase not only in the Greek of the New Testament writings or the Latin of early church history, but also in the Hebrew of the Tanakh: the Assembly. We just saw how the ekklesia was being described in the New Testament Greek. Once we look for the “Assembly” in the Hebrew of the Tanakh, we find it present throughout the entire narrative.

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THE ALL-TIME ASSEMBLY

The Assembly is actually a biblical reality that had existed for centuries before the New Testament writings. In Hebrew, the equivalent word for assembly is qahal and it is found all throughout Scripture. The first instance of the word occurs when Isaac was pronouncing a blessing upon Jacob:

Genesis 28:3 – God Almighty bless you and make you fruitful and multiply you, that you may become a company [assembly] of peoples.

This blessing, of course, harkens back to the original blessing that God pronounced to Abraham in which he would be the source of blessing to many peoples, a promise which he simply took in faith:

Genesis 12:2-3 – I will make you into a great nation, I will bless you, I will make your name great, and you will be a blessing. I will bless those who bless you, I will curse anyone who treats you with contempt, and all the peoples on earth will be blessed through you.

Genesis 15:4-6 – And behold, the word of the LORD came to him, “This man shall not be your heir; your own son shall be your heir.” And he brought him outside and said, “Look toward heaven, and number the stars, if you are able to number them.” Then he said to him, “So shall your descendants be.” And he believed the LORD; and he reckoned it to him as righteousness.

That Abraham’s descendants would be as numerous as the stars speaks to the vast nature of the assembly which would come about through his seed. From these beginnings, we find that God continued to clarify and refine his purpose through the Assembly as he brought his people to himself out of Egypt.

Deuteronomy 5:22 – “The LORD spoke these commands in a loud voice to your entire assembly from the fire, cloud, and total darkness on the mountain; he added nothing more. He wrote them on two stone tablets and gave them to me.

Deuteronomy 9:10 – “On the day of the assembly the LORD gave me the two stone tablets, inscribed by God’s finger. The exact words were on them, which the LORD spoke to you from the fire on the mountain.

Deuteronomy 10:4 – “Then on the day of the assembly, the LORD wrote on the tablets what had been written previously, the Ten Commandments that he had spoken to you on the mountain from the fire. The LORD gave them to me…

This is the original beginnings of God’s physical Assembly on the earth: the rag-tag gathering of Hebrew ex-slaves and Egyptian deserters who met with the God of the Universe at Sinai and received the summary of God’s Torah in the Ten Words, or the Ten Commandments written on two tables of stone.

EDAH – Congregation

Another Hebrew word closely associated with qahal as the assembly is edah, typically translated as congregation. These are very nuanced Hebrew terms that are sometimes even used together in the same verses as God’s people are described as coming together.

Exodus 12:6 KJV – And ye shall keep it up until the fourteenth day of the same month: and the whole assembly [qahal] of the congregation [edah] of Israel shall kill it in the evening.

Numbers 14:5 KJV – Then Moses and Aaron fell on their faces before all the assembly [qahal] of the congregation [edah] of the children of Israel.

So the “qahal edah”, the assembly of the congregation, was descriptive of the entire community of the people of ancient Israel. While both words are technically nouns, it seems that, when used together, qahal takes on a verb sense describing the act of assembling or gathering together, while edah is the community once it is assembled, or the meeting that takes place when the assembly is complete.

Beginning in the wilderness journeys and continuing through the succeeding centuries, the qahal/edah/assembly within the tribes of Israel became not just a gathering for religious purposes, but also a place of civic justice. It was in this sense that the Assembly became the gathering for the purpose of exhibiting righteous judgment throughout the land.

Numbers 15:15 – For the assembly, there shall be one statute for you and for the stranger who sojourns with you, a perpetual statute throughout your generations; as you are, so shall the sojourner be before the LORD.

Job 30:27-28 – My heart is in turmoil, and is never still; days of affliction come to meet me. I go about blackened, but not by the sun; I stand up in the assembly, and cry for help.

Proverbs 26:24-26 – A hateful person disguises himself with his speech and harbors deceit within. When he speaks graciously, don’t believe him, for there are seven detestable things in his heart. Though his hatred is concealed by deception, his evil will be revealed in the assembly.

Throughout their history, as Israel continued to exhibit unfaithfulness and was ultimately removed from their land and dispersed among the nations in judgment, their combined Assembly became smaller gatherings within the locales to which they had been brought captive. These synagogue/assemblies became prevalent in most towns to which the Jews had been scattered throughout the known world. This was evident even within the New Testament writings in the book of Acts where James explains this had been the condition for many generations:

Acts 15:21 – For from early generations Moses has had in every city those who preach him, for he is read every sabbath in the synagogues.”

During those turbulent years of exile from about 586 to 516 BC, because they had lost their central Temple worship in their homeland, the synagogues became locations of Jewish worship and also where judgments according to the law were convened. I believe history shows us that the synagogue is actually the real basis for what we generally consider churches today. In recent centuries, rural Christian churches in America functioned much as those ancient synagogues, as they were not only a place of religious worship, but they were also used as schools, places for town meetings, and sometimes court judgments in those sparse environments. Those activities still take place in synagogues today.

It was through these local assemblies that justice was meted out in their communities. I believe it was this type of synagogue assembly that Messiah referred to when working through conflict with a disruptive brother:

Matthew 18:15-17 – “If your brother sins against you, go tell him his fault, between you and him alone. If he listens to you, you have won your brother. “But if he won’t listen, take one or two others with you, so that by the testimony of two or three witnesses every fact may be established. “If he doesn’t pay attention to them, tell the assembly. If he doesn’t pay attention even to the assembly, let him be like a Gentile and a tax collector to you.

Messiah was here highlighting the judicial function of the local synagogue, the assembly of God’s people in that community, in maintaining the integrity of the congregation when conflicts would arise among its members.

So, as we can see from Scripture, when we begin investigating concepts with their original terminology we can arrive at some very different conclusions than by simply accepting the English interpretations. In this case, in exploring the root concept of church as an assembly we can see it threading its way through all of Israel’s history back to Abraham. The Assembly, as an overarching term, is simply the gathering of the holy ones, God’s people. In the Tanakh, the qahal/edah/assembly sometimes speaks of the entire gathering of God’s people in the wilderness of Sinai, or gathering for worship at the festivals, or the gathering of the judges of the people, or the gathering of the people of God at the local synagoge.

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THE ASSEMBLY OF MESSIAH

Matthew 16:15-18 – He said to them, “But who do you say that I am?” Simon Peter replied, “You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.” And Jesus answered him, “Blessed are you, Simon Bar-Jona! For flesh and blood has not revealed this to you, but my Father who is in heaven. And I tell you, you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my assembly, and the powers of death shall not prevail against it.

This is the single foundational verse indicating how Messiah was intending to establish a unique assembly, his assembly. This would have been a shocking statement among the rabbinical teachers of the day, as to begin a new or unique assembly other than that which preached Moses would mean this rabbi was elevating himself to the status of Moses and breaking with the traditions of the elders.

But in doing so, he also reveals the nature of his assembly by saying “the powers of death shall not prevail against it”. You may be more familiar with the KJV rendering along the lines of “the gates of hell shall not prevail against it”. From the original Greek, the phrase can be more literally rendered the “gates of hades shall not overpower it”. The gates of hades in the ancient world mindset was the entrance to what could be translated as the “unseen world” of departed spirits. Some have interpreted this phrase to have significance as to the place where Yeshua uttered those words: supposedly in a location of pagan cultic worship known as the Gates of Hades. This would imply that whatever group Messiah was establishing, it would rise above all of the pagan idolatry present in the world. This may be a possibility, but I think the meaning is even more far-reaching than that.

Hades in Greek (Sheol in Hebrew) was the place of the dead, all of the dead, not necessarily just a place of punishment for the wicked, as the English word “hell” conveys. By saying the gates of hades (or the unseen world) would not overpower it, I think the RSV gets the intent right when it says “the powers of death shall not prevail against it”. In qualifying his assembly in this way, I believe Yeshua immediately links his assembly which he is founding to a spiritual entity, one in which the reach of death has no power. It is in this sense that the Assembly of Messiah would be different than the Assembly of Moses; in fact, it would become the spiritual fulfillment of the natural assembly of Israel. If the gates of Hades would not prevail against Messiah’s assembly, it would not be something confined to the earth, since everything and everyone here dies. This Messianic Assembly would of necessity be something greater than any physical congregation or earthly organization, even the Assembly of Moses. This would mean that his Assembly was to also be an eternal reality in a spiritual sense. When things are eternal, they can no longer be physical.

The earthly Assembly, stretching from the beginning of the Bible to the first century synagogues of the known world at that time, was to become the seed-bed for the spiritual Assembly of the Messiah. The roots of Torah would nourish these new branches and cause them to flourish, to live spiritually, where the “dead” branches of earthly traditional Mosaic teaching without faith in Yeshua as Messiah would be broken off.

Romans 11:18-20 – do not boast over the branches. If you do boast, remember it is not you that support the root, but the root that supports you. You will say, “Branches were broken off so that I might be grafted in.” That is true. They were broken off because of their unbelief, but you stand fast only through faith. So do not become proud, but stand in awe.

This spiritual Assembly of Messiah was to be an eternal entity; it had to be, as it was to live and breathe in the rarefied atmosphere of the Kingdom of God, so to speak. Its membership was to consist of those whose names were to be metaphorically “written in heaven” (Luke 10:20), in the “Lamb’s book of life” (Rev 21:27), not based in some genealogical record or synagogue membership alone here on the earth.

Paul mentions this principle of eternal things in his letter to the Corinthians:

2 Corinthians 4:18 – So we do not focus on what is seen, but on what is unseen. For what is seen is temporary, but what is unseen is eternal.

To those who believe that Yeshua is the Messiah, the Son of the living God, they have been joined to a spiritual assembly that transcends all space and time. This was not to be just an earthly, tangible assembly that Yeshua was speaking of here. Only a spiritual entity can overcome or bypass the gates of death. Because the assembly he was speaking of was a spiritual entity, then it can exist everywhere and every time throughout all ages.

Earlier, we looked at how the qahal, the edah, the synagoge and the ekklesia are all references to the physical representations of God’s people on the earth, and object lessons of God’s dealings through and among his people. The Assembly of Messiah, however, is different in character, as Yeshua defined it. It was to be impervious to the finality of death, as it was to be the spiritual entity beyond death which does not exist on the earth. This spiritual assembly was to be the true recipient of the blessing of Abraham, as Paul argued in his epistle to the Galatians:

Galatians 3:16, 26-29 – Now the promises were made to Abraham and to his offspring. It does not say, “And to offsprings,” referring to many; but, referring to one, “And to your offspring,” which is Christ. … for in Christ Jesus you are all sons of God, through faith. For as many of you as were baptized into Christ have put on Christ. There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free, there is neither male nor female; for you are all one in Christ Jesus. And if you are Christ’s, then you are Abraham’s offspring, heirs according to promise.

The true heirs of the promise God made to Abraham are those who belong to his designated “seed” or “offspring”. If we are “in Messiah”, that is, if we have been baptized spiritually into his assembly, then we by default receive the blessing assigned to and intended for Abraham’s offspring. The true Church, the Assembly of Messiah, is that spiritual entity which is built upon faith in him. It does not now exist as any single corporate entity on the earth precisely because it is beyond the gates of death, and therefore eternal.

Hebrews 12:22-24 – But you have come to Mount Zion and to the city of the living God, the heavenly Jerusalem, and to innumerable angels in festal gathering, and to the assembly of the first-born who are enrolled in heaven, and to a judge who is God of all, and to the spirits of just men made perfect, and to Jesus, the mediator of a new covenant, and to the sprinkled blood that speaks more graciously than the blood of Abel.

This is, I believe, the New Testament description of the actual Church, the “assembly of the first-born”. It is a spiritual reality that was prefigured in the earthly congregational assemblies and synagogues of Israel, but it was to exist only where “just men” have been “made perfect”. This is why Paul encouraged believers to keep their gaze heavenward:

Colossians 3:1-3 – If then you have been raised with Christ, seek the things that are above, where Christ is, seated at the right hand of God. Set your minds on things that are above, not on things that are on earth. For you have died, and your life is hid with Christ in God.

The lives of believers were not to be mired in the earthly organizations of the synagogues and what we now call churches, since as earthly entities, they are all subject to dissolution and death. They are only mere shadows of the true Assembly of Messiah.

Matthew 6:31, 33 – Therefore do not be anxious, saying, ‘What shall we eat?’ or ‘What shall we drink?’ or ‘What shall we wear?’ … But seek first his kingdom and his righteousness, and all these things shall be yours as well.

Messiah’s true Church, his Assembly, exists where God reigns supreme, in his Kingdom. According to Yeshua, we are to seek first the Kingdom, not to seek first the Church or the Assembly. It is in seeking the Kingdom that we identify ourselves within the membership of the spiritual Assembly of Messiah. It is a spiritual entity which resides in God’s spiritual Kingdom, which flesh and blood cannot inherit. This is the reality in which the Church, the Assembly of Messiah, lives and thrives.

Those of us who claim to believe in Messiah thus live in a duality: physically we live in this created world to exemplify the principles of God’s Kingdom now; however, positionally we have been joined with that eternal Assembly of the Firstborn within the realm of God’s existence and Kingdom. This dual life is empowered by God’s Spirit dwelling in and among us, the driving force behind our ability to overcome the worldliness of this life while representing his righteousness.

This is the good news that Messiah claimed was the eternal life of God available to those who placed their faith in him: we already possess this eternal life.

John 5:24 CSB – “Truly I tell you, anyone who hears my word and believes him who sent me has eternal life and will not come under judgment but has passed from death to life.

John 6:40, 47 CSB – “For this is the will of my Father: that everyone who sees the Son and believes in him will have eternal life, and I will raise him up on the last day.” … “Truly I tell you, anyone who believes has eternal life.

John 17:3 CSB – “This is eternal life: that they may know you, the only true God, and the one you have sent — Jesus Christ.

Eternal life is not just unending existence, but it is a quality of life that exceeds the natural life of just being born into and living in this world. This is why it involves a process which Yeshua described as being born again, or born from above or of the Spirit. It is a quality of life that God intends for all people where he chooses to live among his people in constant communion and in harmony with his will and purpose, just as Yeshua did.

This is the Kingdom of God come to the earth.

Titles for God’s people: Believers and Christians

Not all of the titles we see in the Bible apply to God’s people today.

Core of the Bible podcast #125: Titles for God’s people – Believers and Christians

Over the next several weeks, I will be exploring the topic of titles used to describe God’s people throughout the Bible, but primarily titles used for his first century people in the writings of the New Testament. These terms do indeed all have significance and definitions are important, which is why I am taking the time to break down biblical terms so we can have a better grasp of how to apply them appropriately.

We will be looking at the following terms in some detail: believer and Christian, the Remnant and the Elect, the Church and the Body, and the Bride of Christ. These are all terms that by most accounts are considered synonymous and applicable to the people today who claim to believe in Messiah. However, I intend to look at scriptural reasons as to why I believe this is not the case, how most of those terms do not apply to God’s people today, and yet how God has worked within these various aspects of his people over the ages to accomplish specific things for the good of all.

As is usually the case, I began this as a single essay, but as I continued to delve into the particulars of these various designations I found that more and more details would present themselves for further study. Hopefully, breaking some of these up into smaller segments will be easier to grasp the essential points along with some relatively unusual perspectives for further study on your own.

Believers

Let’s begin with a basic term that is used to describe God’s people throughout the Bible: belief. You may notice that generally when I speak of those who follow Yahweh and Messiah Yeshua, I choose to use the term believers rather than Christians. This is the one term out of all of those previously mentioned which I believe does apply to God’s people today. This stems from the thrust of the biblical narrative and some particulars about the designation of Christian (which we will explore in a little bit).

All throughout the Bible there are people who are listed as those who believe and also those who do not believe.

Exodus 4:5 – “This will take place,” he continued, “so that they will believe that Yahweh, the God of their ancestors, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, has appeared to you.”

Deuteronomy 9:23 – “When Yahweh sent you from Kadesh-barnea, he said, ‘Go up and possess the land I have given you’; you rebelled against the command of Yahweh your God. You did not believe or obey him.

2 Kings 17:14 – But they would not listen. Instead they became obstinate like their ancestors who did not believe Yahweh their God.

Psalm 78:32 – Despite all this, they kept sinning and did not believe his wondrous works.

Isaiah 43:10 – “You are my witnesses” — this is Yahweh’s declaration — “and my servant whom I have chosen, so that you may know and believe me and understand that I am he. No god was formed before me, and there will be none after me.

An interesting facet to all of these belief passages in the Tanakh is that they are expressed within the context of Israel; as in, there are those who believe and who do not believe in Yahweh within the nation of Israel. It is not used as a phrase for those outside of the national identity. As we move through the discussion in the coming studies, you will see how that becomes an important understanding in terms of God’s dealings with his people, especially when we come to consider the terms “remnant” and “elect”.

In the New Testament, we find belief, especially a belief in Messiah (which is said to be an indication of receiving him) to be a core aspect of Messiah’s purpose:

John 1:11-12 – He came to his own, and his own people did not receive him. But to all who did receive him, he gave them the right to be children of God, to those who believe in his name,

John 6:29 – Yeshua replied, “This is the work of God ​– ​that you believe in the one he has sent.”

John 14:1 – “Don’t let your heart be troubled. Believe in God; believe also in me.

Followers of Messiah even used this type of descriptive terminology:

Acts 16:15 – After she and her household were baptized, she urged us, “If you consider me to be believing in the Lord, come and stay at my house.” And she persuaded us.

Acts 16:34 – He brought them into his house, set a meal before them, and rejoiced because he had come to believe in God with his entire household.

The writer to the Hebrews makes it clear that faith is essential to pleasing God:

Hebrews 11:6 – Now without faith it is impossible to please God, since the one who draws near to him must believe that he exists and that he rewards those who seek him.

The apostle Paul emphasized that belief was the foundation of the collective group of those who were in Messiah:

Romans 3:22 – The righteousness of God is through faith in Yeshua Messiah to all who believe, since there is no distinction.

But then, in another passage, Paul draws a more specific distinction between those who were to be considered believers with those who were non-believers. In contrast with the Tanakh passages which seemed to focus on believers and non-believers within the nation of Israel, Paul appears to be discussing non-believers in the wider context of the general population of Corinth, known for its idolatry.

2 Corinthians 6:14-15 – Do not be yoked together with those who do not believe. For what partnership is there between righteousness and lawlessness? Or what fellowship does light have with darkness? What agreement does Messiah have with Belial? Or what does a believer have in common with an non-believer?

Now, it could be argued that Paul was addressing those who claimed to be among the scattered Israelites in Corinth who gave lip service to Yahweh and yet were just as likely to be found among the idolatrous temples of the culture around them. In this passage, Paul uses this unusual term Belial, along with lawlessness and darkness, as contrasting terms to Messiah. Since this appears to be the only place this term Belial is used in the New Testament Greek, if we pursue this term back to its Hebrew root, we find it less of a proper name and more of a description of those who were considered wicked or worthless.

Deuteronomy 13:12-14 – “If you hear it said about one of your cities Yahweh your God is giving you to live in, “that wicked men have sprung up among you, led the inhabitants of their city astray, and said, ‘Let’s go and worship other gods,’ which you have not known, “you are to inquire, investigate, and interrogate thoroughly…

1 Samuel 2:12 – Eli’s sons were wicked men; they did not respect Yahweh

2 Samuel 23:6 – But all the wicked are like thorns raked aside; they can never be picked up by hand.

2 Chronicles 13:7 – “Then worthless and wicked men gathered around him to resist Rehoboam son of Solomon when Rehoboam was young, inexperienced, and unable to assert himself against them.

Proverbs 6:12 – A worthless person, a wicked man goes around speaking dishonestly,

Nahum 1:11 – One has gone out from you, who plots evil against Yahweh, and is a wicked counselor.

Sometimes the term used in these passages is the phrase ben belial, meaning “a son of wickedness/worthlessness”. It is from this Hebraism that the term could be considered as a proper name of some wicked entity, sometimes associated with Satan. But to be a “son of” something was to be considered the offspring of, or participant in, something larger than oneself.

Exodus 19:6 – and you shall be to Me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation.’ These are the words that you shall speak to the sons of Israel.”

  • These sons of Israel weren’t just Jacob’s sons particularly, because there were also some Egyptians and others who had come out of Egypt with the Hebrews at that time, but it is here speaking of participants in the nation of Israel, much like we might say “sons of America” today.

Matthew 8:12 – “But the sons of the kingdom will be thrown into the outer darkness where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.”

  • Here, Yeshua uses the same type of language regarding those who were considered to be participants within the Kingdom of God, yet were being rejected for their lack of faith.

To be a son in the most basic sense of the Hebrew is to be a builder, as in the builder of the family line or family name. In this sense, to be a son of the Kingdom is to be a builder of the Kingdom. To be a son of belial is to be a builder of wickedness and worthlessness. And in the passage of 2 Corinthians where Paul is drawing a distinction between those of Messiah and those of Belial, whether these individuals were simply wicked fellow citizens of their pagan culture or if they were lawless scattered Israelites, either way, these individuals are the ones whom Paul is warning believers in Messiah to stay away from.

In the Bible, it is also clear that belief is closely aligned with and only visible through actions and lifestyle. You may recall that the Tanakh passages we reviewed earlier use this phrase as a verb describing an action, believing and obeying or not believing and remaining obstinate or disobedient. In the New Testament writings, James defines this Hebraic way of understanding faith a little further:

James 2:17-18 – In the same way faith, if it does not have works, is dead by itself.  But someone will say, “You have faith, and I have works.” Show me your faith without works, and I will show you faith by my works.

And this is one of the places where I get on my little hobby horse about English translations (and there are many!). In the 2 Corinthians 6 passage, Paul uses the term “non-believer” as a contrast to those who are in Messiah. Many English Bibles might phrase this statement by rendering it as “unbeliever”. While this is most likely just me splitting semantic hairs (please bear with me), this term “unbeliever” in English is a phrase which I greatly dislike because it seems imprecise when discussing this biblical concept. To me it is a nonsensical term; how can you un-believe something? You either believe it or you don’t. In the original Greek, non-believers are called apistos which literally means faithless,  without demonstrating faith in Yahweh.

I think the phrase “unbeliever” bothers me because it appears to describe an inherent characteristic of unbelief, like it’s just some sort of opinion one holds. But we just saw how the Bible uses the term faith as a verb describing an action, not just a static state of being or an opinion. Those who do not believe are actively not believing, and their lifestyles and their actions show it. To say someone is apistos does not just mean they are unbelieving in opinion, they are literally without faithful actions. I know that unbeliever is an acceptable use of the term in English, but for some reason it just gets under my skin and seems inaccurate. To me, those who demonstrate by their actions that they do not believe are not “unbelievers”, they are more accurately without faithful actions and are, by default (whether knowingly or unknowingly), obstinately living in disobedience to God.

So as we begin this journey on titles used to describe God’s people, I would strongly argue that the concept of faith must be included. While biblical faith is used in the verb sense throughout the Bible, I am of the opinion that to call someone a believer in the noun sense still adequately describes who they are by what they do. My definition of a biblical believer is someone whose actions and lifestyle express their faith in Yahweh as the one true God, and in Yeshua as his Messiah, or Anointed One. A non-believer’s actions demonstrate that they have no faith in Yahweh as the one true God, or in Yeshua as the Messiah, even if they claim to be associated with believers.

Christians

While the term Christian has become an acceptable description of one who follows Christ, or the Messiah, in our present day it is actually a term that has come to mean anyone who believes a specific orthodoxy about the person of Messiah and the message of the Bible as a whole. To be a Christian today, one must affirm that they agree with a framework of stated beliefs in order to qualify as a Christian. Most congregations today even have a public “statement of faith” which defines how they choose to align with the major Christian propositions, such as the trinity, virgin birth of Messiah, and perspectives on eschatology like the end times. This is understandable, for to belong to any type of specific group one must have points of agreement in order to be in fellowship.

However, in point of fact, there is a scholarly perspective that the term Christian as it is actually used in the Bible was not a statement of belief but it was initially used as a pejorative term against the believers in the first century.

The term itself is used only in three New Testament passages:

Acts 11:26 –  The disciples were first called Christians at Antioch.

Acts 26:28 – Agrippa said to Paul, “Are you going to persuade me to become a Christian so quickly? “

1 Peter 4:14-16 – If you are ridiculed for the name of Christ, you are blessed, because the Spirit of glory and of God rests on you. Let none of you suffer as a murderer, a thief, an evildoer, or a meddler. But if anyone suffers as a Christian, let him not be ashamed but let him glorify God in having that name.

Now, most people who call themselves Christians today are not aware of the academic dispute about the actual phrase used in the Greek: was it christianoi meaning “anointed ones” or “those who follow the anointed” or was the term chrestianoi meaning “good ones” or “those who do good”? There is only one letter difference in the Greek between these two terms, and based on some convincing manuscript evidence (like the Codex Sinaiticus of the 4th century), some scholars think that chrestianoi is the original or preferred rendering. Someone who is a chrestianon is considered useful, pleasant, kind, or good. Believers living out the teachings of Messiah could certainly be classified as such, since they were instructed by Messiah not only to be kind to one another, but to extend that kindness even to their enemies. This would definitely be a distinctive characteristic worthy of some unique terminology.

The influential Biblical scholar of the last century, F.F. Bruce, wrote the following in his commentary on the book of Acts:

“Xrestus (“useful, kindly”) was a common slave-name in the Graeco-Roman world. It appears as a spelling variant for the unfamiliar Christus (Xristos). (In Greek the two words were pronounced alike.)” – F. F. Bruce, The Books of Acts, 368.

We can see how there was a close correlation between the two terms, and how the term chrestianoi could be applied to those who saw themselves as slaves to that which is good, because they would be known for always doing good to others. However, in a negative connotation, a chrestianon could also have been someone whom we might call today a “goody two-shoes”, or a “do-gooder”; as someone who is annoyingly righteous in what they say and do. And to be honest, this seems to me to be the way the term was employed in Scripture.

Notice, in the passages we just reviewed how if we substitute the negative connotation for the traditional rendering of Christian, it can apply equally as well as the positive.

  • Acts 11:26 – The disciples were first called Christians at Antioch.
    • It could just as easily be said that the disciples were first called “do-gooders” at Antioch. This would mean that this would have been the first place that believers were recognized collectively as a group with characteristics of doing good that were unique enough to have earned the name.
  • Acts 26:28 – Agrippa said to Paul, “Are you going to persuade me to become a Christian in so little time?”
    • Again, if we substitute the alternative, it could be that Agrippa said to Paul, “Are you going to persuade me to becomea ‘do-gooder’ in so little time?” Agrippa, in context, is sarcastically accusing Paul of trying to convert him to become something he is not. If this “do-gooder” tag was a name that had been applied to the movement many years before, Agrippa, as a controversial politician at best, could easily be seen as conveying his unlikely conversion to being someone who is considered “doing good”.
  • 1 Peter 4:16 – But if anyone suffers as a Christian, let him not be ashamed but let him glorify God in having that name.
    • Peter here is contrasting the believers with those who are murderers, thieves, evildoers and those who defraud others (v. 15). “But if anyone suffers as a “doer of good”, let him not be ashamed but let him glorify God in having that name,” (v. 16). This rendering can be further substantiated by v. 19 which says, “So then, let those who suffer according to God’s will entrust themselves to a faithful Creator while doing what is good.” Peter could easily be saying the “doer of good” term was used as a way of ridiculing those who had chosen to follow the Messiah, and he is encouraging them to not be ashamed of those who would use this term in a derogatory fashion. It’s as if Peter is saying, “Don’t stop doing good just because people are making fun of you for doing so.”

To me, this does not seem to be such a difficult perspective to hold, as even today, many believers are ridiculed for having integrity and doing what is right when peer pressure or cultural dictates are otherwise. If we are truly living according to the teachings of Yeshua, then exhibiting forgiveness to others and extending compassion when it is not customary to do so can certainly be considered abrasive amidst a culture that primarily promotes self-benefit in every aspect. Some things regarding human nature don’t appear to have changed in the millennia since Messiah walked the earth, but then again, as followers of Messiah and slaves to that which is good, we are still called to be the light of the world (that which illuminates) and the salt of the earth (that which heals and preserves).

SUMMARY

Let’s summarize what we have looked at so far in this study on titles for God’s people. We saw that faith was the primary distinction of those who followed the Messiah, so using the term believers seems appropriate and right, as long as the actions of those who claim to be believers bear out their testimony. However, we noted that the term “unbeliever” seems unusual when the actual phrase used in Scripture means one who is faithless or without faithful actions, and is actively living in disobedience. We also saw how there could be both believers and faithless within the group of those considered as God’s people at any given time, based on how they demonstrated their faith (or lack of it) by their ongoing actions.

We then considered how, in today’s usage, a Christian is typically defined as one who holds to a certain set of orthodox beliefs about Christ and the Bible worldview as a whole. However, from the passages where the term may have been used in Scripture, we then saw how the term (whether meaning slave of Christ or one who does good) was likely used in a derogatory way to malign those who were known for excessive acts of kindness and charity amidst a corrupt society.  As “slaves” of Christ, according to Peter, believers were to consider that term a badge of honor rather than the term of derision that it was.

Well, as we wrap up for today, I hope there are at least a couple of concepts and ideas to encourage you to meditate on and to study out further on your own. Next time, we’ll be looking at the terms “remnant and elect”, so be sure to come back and visit for more perspectives on these titles of God’s people. But remember, if you have thoughts or comments that you would like to explore further with me, feel free to email me at coreofthebible@gmail.com.

The Biblical Calendar and Shavuot, the Festival of Weeks or Pentecost

I believe the annual biblical holidays are the true appointments with God that he has established for all eternity.

Core of the Bible podcast #109 – The Biblical Calendar and Shavuot, the Festival of Weeks or Pentecost

In today’s episode, we are continuing our doctrinal topics but taking a slight detour from our study of the nature of God to discuss the biblical holiday of Shavuot, also known as Weeks and sometimes Firstfruits. Why is this significant, and why should believers today understand the biblical calendar and the feast days?

Most Christians today do not recognize or celebrate the biblical feast days. This is due primarily to the fact that Christianity teaches that the sacrificial aspect of the rites conveyed in the Torah have been fulfilled in Messiah Yeshua. I agree one hundred percent. But “fulfilled” does not mean “done away with.” I believe the Bible teaches that in Messiah, that which was a physical requirement for ancient Israel has become a spiritual reality for all time; more on that later. But what I want to focus on first is how the biblical calendar is filled with symbolism of the Kingdom and God’s relationship with his people. I believe it is as we maintain recognition of these days that we can be reminded of God’s, and our, purpose. These days become practical object lessons that point to the totality of God’s work among his people, and his presence in this world.

The annual biblical calendar contains seven appointed times known in Hebrew as moedim, meaning seasons or appointed times. I believe the annual biblical holidays are the true appointments with God, the seasonal moedim that he has established for all eternity. They are centered around three central “feasts” or “festival gatherings:” Unleavened Bread, Weeks/Shavuot, and Tabernacles/Sukkot. These occur in the first, third, and seventh months of the annual biblical calendar.

Deuteronomy 16:16 – “All your males are to appear three times a year before Yahweh your God in the place he chooses: at the Festival of Unleavened Bread (first month), the Festival of Weeks (third month), and the Festival of Tabernacles (seventh month).”

Interestingly, these festival-gatherings follow the agrarian timelines of the early barley harvest (first month), the early wheat harvest (third month) and the ingathering of all of the remaining crops (seventh month). All of these festivals surround God’s provision for his people. These three annual gathering seasons focus on seven appointed times which are described as memorials or re-enactments to be used to keep God’s people focused on his will and purpose.

I also find it fascinating that God has placed these appointments on the annual calendar in a way that can still be recognized today, even though worldly calendars and methods of timekeeping have come and gone. I believe this is why they are described the way they are, and why we are still able to keep those appointments with him.

How are we to keep these appointments? Certainly we are not to sacrifice animals; as mentioned earlier all sacrifice has been fulfilled in Messiah. However, on these special days we can still gather together as his people to review the symbolism of those sacrifices to bring greater awareness to our understanding of our relationship with God. Whether it is through deeper fellowship and community among his people, as well as renewing our total devotion to him and consummation in his service, we can become serious about our faith by living it out as object lessons that others can see and learn from, as well. After all, as you may know from previous episodes, I believe that God’s Torah or Word is eternal, and therefore has lasting influence on those who approach the God of the Bible as his people. These should be as much a part of our doctrinal understanding as any other major proposition such as the study of who God is or the Kingdom of God.

I would like to discuss all of these biblical holidays throughout the course of the coming year, but as I record today’s podcast, we are in the season of Shavuot or Weeks, which was recently completed. It is the festival which follows Passover and Unleavened Bread by seven weeks, hence its immediate namesake in Hebrew. The day itself falls on the day following the conclusion of 49 days from the barley firstfruits. This was technically the 50th day and became known by its Greek title of Pentecost, meaning “fiftieth.” 

Many Christians may recognize Pentecost as the day the holy Spirit came upon the disciples in a powerful way, allowing them to speak in different languages to the assembled Jews in Jerusalem, telling the Good News about the Kingdom of God. It is defined by many as “the birthday of the church,” but I believe that definition is not only a misnomer about its purpose, but a misunderstanding of the nature of the day itself.

To gain a better grasp of this holiday, we need to go back to its ancient Hebrew understanding as it is related in Torah.

Leviticus 23:16-21 – “You are to count fifty days until the day after the seventh Sabbath [that is, seven weeks after the barley firstfruits] and then present an offering of new grain to Yahweh. Bring two loaves of bread from your settlements as a presentation [wave] offering, each of them made from four quarts of fine flour, baked with yeast, as firstfruits to Yahweh. You are to present with the bread seven unblemished male lambs a year old, one young bull, and two rams. They will be a burnt offering to Yahweh, with their grain offerings and drink offerings, a fire offering of a pleasing aroma to Yahweh. You are also to prepare one male goat as a sin offering, and two male lambs a year old as a fellowship sacrifice. The priest will present the lambs with the bread of firstfruits as a presentation offering before Yahweh; the bread and the two lambs will be holy to Yahweh for the priest. On that same day you are to make a proclamation and hold a sacred assembly. You are not to do any daily work. This is to be a permanent statute wherever you live throughout your generations.”

Okay, so in this detailed passage we can learn several things. Shavuot was to be a special appointed day where no customary work was done, in which the people of God would gather and sacrifices and offerings were brought to the Temple. The primary offering of this day involves two loaves of bread as a grain offering of the firstfruits of the wheat harvest. Along with the loaves are included burnt offerings, drink offerings, sacrifices for sin and sacrifices for fellowship.

How do these ancient sacrifices and offerings apply to believers today? Even though we don’t bring actual sacrificial animals before Yahweh anymore, I believe these offerings were designed by Yahweh to represent real aspects of our spiritual lives, and I think it’s important that we continue to recognize these. So let’s take a look at what each of these different types of sacrifices means from a symbolic perspective:

  • A burnt offering represents total consummation in God’s service.
  • A sin offering represents that which is a substitute for us due to our disobedience to God’s torah.
  • The trespass offering was offered for unintentional or unknown sin.
  • A fellowship or peace offering represents thankfulness for God’s mercy and enjoyment of his relationship.
  • The grain and drink offerings represent our gratitude for God’s provision as firstfruits of all he has provided us.

I think it becomes readily apparent how these emblematic sacrifices apply in the life of the modern believer. If we are to honor these appointed times throughout the year, I believe they should be memorialized in the spirit of these attributes.

There are many facets to the symbolism of the biblical moedim or appointed times, but one of the most glaring attributes relates to their numerical significance. As rich and enlightening as this can be to review, unfortunately, many people over the centuries have taken to a kind of numerology or study of biblical numbers which has become quite complex and frankly, unhelpful. Even the contemporary expression of Judaism has devised a whole system of numerology and mysticism known as Kabbalah, which is not at all what I am proposing here. I simply look for patterns in the Bible to see how they relate to and bring meaning to one another.

For example, the Bible outlines seven days in a week. Shavuot pertains to seven “sevens” of weeks. On the day of Shavuot, all of the sacrificial symbolism falls on the fiftieth day that occurs after the week of Passover and Unleavened Bread, both of which represent the miraculous rescue from the worldliness and slavery of Egypt.

Now it’s important to understand something here from a Hebraic perspective. In this worldly existence, seven is a number that represents this Creation. Why? Well, the weekly Sabbath was given to God’s people as a reminder that God is the Creator of all.

Exodus 20:8, 11 – Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy:  … For Yahweh made the heavens and the earth, the sea, and everything in them in six days; then he rested on the seventh day. Therefore Yahweh blessed the Sabbath day and declared it holy.

In Hebraic understanding, the weekly Sabbath is the Sabbath of Creation. Everything in this Creation is governed by the limit of a cycle of seven. For example, a week is a cycle of seven days; there are seven appointed times throughout the year occurring within a seven-month time period. Even in the broader calendrical cycle of the Bible, every seventh year was to be a sabbatical year, a year of rest for the land.

Leviticus 25:1-4 – Yahweh spoke to Moses on Mount Sinai: “Speak to the Israelites and tell them: When you enter the land I am giving you, the land will observe a Sabbath to Yahweh. “You may sow your field for six years, and you may prune your vineyard and gather its produce for six years. “But there will be a Sabbath of complete rest for the land in the seventh year, a Sabbath to Yahweh: you are not to sow your field or prune your vineyard.

Additionally, after seven “sevens” of sabbath years, or forty-nine years, the Israelites were to set aside the fiftieth year as a “Jubilee,” a sort of re-set for all economic activity, freedom for all slaves, and a realignment of all of the tribes with their heritage.

Leviticus 25:8-10 – “You are to count seven sabbatical years, seven times seven years, so that the time period of the seven sabbatical years amounts to forty-nine. Then you are to sound a trumpet loudly in the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month; you will sound it throughout your land on the Day of Atonement. You are to consecrate the fiftieth year and proclaim freedom in the land for all its inhabitants. It will be your Jubilee, when each of you is to return to his property and each of you to his clan.”

Through these we can see how the Bible relates sevens of days, sevens of weeks, sevens of months and sevens of years, but the fiftieth is something special, something that points to realities beyond these sevens of this world.

I found this editorial comment in the Voice version of the Bible, relating the nature of the Jubilee in Leviticus 25:

“The year of jubilee is a far-reaching idea in the ancient world. In the 50th year, land that has been sold to pay debts during the preceding 49 years returns to its original owners. Israelites who had to sell themselves into slavery to pay debts are set free. All debts are declared “paid in full.” The jubilee is a regular reminder to God’s covenant people that every acre of ground, every soul belongs to God, not to those rich enough to buy them.”

So, the timing of the annual festival of Shavuot also has great significance mirroring that of the sabbatical years and the year of Jubilee which focuses on the centrality of Yahweh as Creator and Owner of all that exists. Shavuot, also being based on this principle of fifty, is a fulfillment of seven weeks (seven “sevens” of days) and then takes place on “the day after the seventh sabbath,” the fiftieth day. The remembrance, this regular reminder every year of the Exodus events on this fiftieth day represents a re-set, a new beginning, freedom from captivity and a restoration of all things to the God of the universe.  In a spiritual sense, it points to realities beyond this Creation, to eternal principles that exist outside of the sevens of this world. To my way of thinking, this is a perfect illustration of what occurred on that very famous Restoration Shavuot two thousand years ago.

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Let’s take a closer look at that famous Restoration Shavuot or Day of Pentecost in which the holy Spirit came upon the disciples in a powerful way, allowing them to speak in different languages to the assembled Jews in Jerusalem, telling the Good News about the Kingdom of God. I said a few moments ago that this event is defined by many as “the birthday of the church,” and that I believe that this definition is not only a misnomer about its purpose, but a misunderstanding of the nature of the day itself.

You see, to say that is the birthday of the church is to imply that the “church” never existed prior to that time. What many call the “church” today (universally speaking) is called the ekklesia in Greek terminology, and it simply means “a called out assembly.” But the ekklesia was not “born” on that day, it had existed since the times of Moses. This is revealed in the speech of Stephen in his defense before the Sanhedrin.

Acts 7:38  – “He [Moses] is the one who was in the assembly in the wilderness, with the angel who spoke to him on Mount Sinai, and with our ancestors. He received living oracles to give to us.”

If you check your King James or American Standard Versions of the Bible, you may notice that this verse here says that it was the “church in the wilderness” who received the living oracles. The translators were simply using the Greek word in a consistent fashion. But this highlights the point: if there was an assembly, something which could be called the church which was present in the wilderness with Moses, how could it have been “born” on Pentecost in the early part of the first century? I believe it can be shown that the ekklesia, the called out assembly, was always present in those through whom God was working at any given time in the biblical narrative.

For us to approximate a Hebraic understanding of this, it can be said that there has always been a faithful remnant among God’s people, even when the nation as a whole was steeped in idolatry and wickedness. For example, when Jerusalem was being attacked by Sennacherib’s Syrian army, Isaiah the prophet revealed how God would protect them:

2 Kings 19:30-31 – “The surviving remnant of the house of Judah will again take root downward and bear fruit upward. “For a remnant will go out from Jerusalem, and survivors, from Mount Zion. The zeal of Yahweh of Armies will accomplish this.”

When returning from captivity in Babylon with only the few thousand faithful who desired to reestablish the Temple, Ezra prayed the following prayer:

Ezra 9:8 – But now, for a brief moment, grace has come from Yahweh our God to preserve a remnant for us and give us a stake in his holy place. Even in our slavery, God has given us a little relief and light to our eyes.

Even the apostle Paul, in teaching about the faithful among God’s people in that day, illustrates this idea of the remnant with the story of Elijah:

Romans 11:2-5 – God has not rejected his people whom he foreknew. Or don’t you know what the Scripture says in the passage about Elijah ​– ​how he pleads with God against Israel? Lord, they have killed your prophets and torn down your altars. I am the only one left, and they are trying to take my life! But what was God’s answer to him? I have left seven thousand for myself who have not bowed down to Baal. In the same way, then, there is also at the present time a remnant chosen by grace.

This “remnant” of God’s people was the assembly at each point in Israel’s history, sometimes even down to one person and their family, such as a Noah or an Abraham, or a Jacob. God’s purpose has always been based on the assembly of those who are faithful to him, so the ekklesia throughout the ages has been comprised of those who feared and served Yahweh.

So to carry this mental understanding into the events of the first century day of Pentecost, we can see that same principle applying there: a faithful remnant, the disciples, faithful to the principles of the Kingdom which Messiah had taught them, were given miraculous abilities by the Spirit of God to testify to the truth of the gospel of the Kingdom to the rest of the Jews who had come from all over the world. This faithful remnant was not “born” on that day, but, in alignment with the Jubilee symbolism of the day of Shavuot, they were the ones proclaiming the eternal re-set, freedom from captivity to sin, and a restoration of all things through the Kingdom of God. In a sense, this was the ultimate Jubilee.

Just as the original ekklesia was comprised of those who were assembled at Sinai and heard Yahweh speak the Ten Commandments of his Kingdom which were written in stone, the renewed ekklesia on that famous Day of Pentecost proclaimed the principles of God’s Kingdom which were to be written on their hearts.

The connection between these events is further established when it can be shown that, at the receiving of the Ten Commandments, due to their rebelliousness and idolatry, three thousand people were killed.

Exodus 32:28 – The Levites did as Moses commanded, and about three thousand men fell dead that day among the people.

However, at the Restoration Pentecost, due to their obedience, three thousand people were added to the ekklesia.

Acts 2:41 – So those who accepted [Peter’s] message were baptized, and that day about three thousand people were added to them.

As another example, the big picture of the Bible story can be described in a similar type of parallelism. God established a physical Kingdom when he revealed his Ten Commandments to his assembled people at Mount Sinai. Those commandments were written in stone by his own finger. In the first century, God established an eternal, spiritual Kingdom when, through his Messiah, he revealed those principles to the to the assembled people listening to the Sermon on the Mount. These were spiritually based on the same commandments, but now they were to be written on the heart by God’s own finger, no longer in stone. These types of parallels and symbolisms are all through the Bible.

The apostle Paul, in the context of speaking about the comparison and contrast of Adam and Yeshua, states a principle that I believe carries over into a well-ordered understanding of the Bible.

1 Corinthians 15:46 – But it is not the spiritual that is first but the natural, and then the spiritual.

In the Bible, the natural things, people, and events were real things that happened to real people, just like those who heard the commandments at Mount Sinai, or those who heard Messiah preach his Sermon on the Mount. But I believe we are to look to those things as types, shadows, and examples of the spiritual realities that have become evident through the restoration of all things in Messiah Yeshua. The prophesied remnant was that first-century assembly, but with all things consummated by the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 AD, believers from that point on up until today are simply members of God’s eternal, universal Kingdom. Since the age of natural Israel ended at that time, there is no longer a “remnant” ekklesia or assembly; it had been fulfilled in that generation in that time.

When Paul illustrated his teaching with stories from Israel’s wilderness journeys, he also emphasizes the purpose of learning and re-telling these stories.

1 Corinthians 10:11 – Now these things happened to them as an example, but they were written down for our instruction, on whom the end of the ages has come.

That first century ekklesia or assembly of Messiah believers in the natural world was to become the touchstone for all future generations of believers as spiritual descendants. The ancient biblical ages, the ages of Abraham, Moses, and of natural Israel, were coming to a consummation in the soon destruction of the city in 70 AD. Beyond that event, the spiritual principles of the Bible would be cast forward into the future, lighting the way for all future generations of believers as the eternal Kingdom of God would continue to spread throughout the world.

So I believe that Shavuot has not been done away, nor have any of the other biblical holidays, but I believe they have been renewed and elevated in this great spiritual restoration accomplished by Messiah. Paul writes how even believers were to view themselves as having been completely renewed within their faith in Messiah.

2 Corinthians 5:17 – Therefore, if anyone is in Messiah, he is a new creation. The old has passed away; behold, the new has come.

In Messiah, all things are new now, not just in the future!

So as we view this seasonal moed or appointed time of Shavuot, we can catch a glimpse of its renewed nature and purpose in the symbolism of its biblical parameters. That first-century restoration Pentecost was the fulfillment of the Jubilee symbolism, the fifty beyond the sevens and forty-nines of this world, declaring the eternal nature of the Kingdom of God. Just as Yeshua taught, this was to be a Kingdom based on the structure of the Ten Commandments, as both a near and present reality, a realm where vigilance would be required of those who sought to participate. These believers would be set apart and holy, trusting God for all of their needs, just as he did, and they would operate with God’s characteristics of forgiveness and compassion, demonstrating that they are the children of God.

Well, I hope this brief introduction to the biblical holidays and the restoration Shavuot or Pentecost brought you some concepts and ideas to meditate on and to study out further on your own. But remember, there is also a Core of the Bible virtual Bible study group that is hosted through the Marco Polo video chat app. It is designed to discuss the topics that we cover each week and to help people with responses to questions that may come up. If you are interested in joining the discussion, simply download the free Marco Polo app and email me a request to join the group at coreofthebible@gmail.com. I will be happy to send you a link to join the virtual Bible study group. You can also feel free to email me any of your thoughts or comments at that email, as well.

Standing for the truth of God’s word above the philosophies of men

We need to be aware of, and reject, false religious traditions.

We need to be aware of, and reject, false religious traditions.

  • Colossians 2:8 – Be careful that no one takes you captive through philosophy and empty deceit based on human tradition, based on the elements of the world, rather than Messiah.

This admonition from the apostle Paul strikes at the heart of the major conflict that the first century believers faced: the resistance of the orthodox Jews of their day who did not accept their Messiah. The Messiah-believing Jews were coming out from among the ranks of orthodox Judaism into what was considered a new sect. However, what was happening biblically was the remnant of true Israelites was being separated from the rest of unbelieving Judaism, even among those who had been dispersed, as had been prophesied.

  • Isaiah 10:20-22 – On that day the remnant of Israel and the survivors of the house of Jacob will no longer depend on the one who struck them, but they will faithfully depend on the Yahweh, the Holy One of Israel. The remnant will return, the remnant of Jacob, to the Mighty God. Israel, even if your people were as numerous as the sand of the sea, only a remnant of them will return. Destruction has been decreed; justice overflows.
  • Isaiah 11:10-12 – On that day the root of Jesse will stand as a banner for the peoples. The nations will look to him for guidance, and his resting place will be glorious. On that day the Lord will extend his hand a second time to recover the remnant of his people who survive ​– ​from Assyria, Egypt, Pathros, Cush, Elam, Shinar, Hamath, and the coasts and islands of the west. He will lift up a banner for the nations and gather the dispersed of Israel; he will collect the scattered of Judah from the four corners of the earth.

This process required immense vigilance, determination, and faith in God. They were being persecuted (that is, hunted with intent to harm) by their very own brothers. They were being challenged in their faith on principles they had grown up believing, being taught in the synagogues throughout the areas where they lived. They were coming to see that many of the traditions and ideas that had been created by the religious elite were being cast away because they were not God’s design for his spiritual people.

Yeshua had railed against the religious leaders for their adherence to their traditions and philosophies above the both the clear and symbolic teachings of Scripture.

  • Matthew 15:3-6 – He [Yeshua] answered them, “And why do you break the commandment of God for the sake of your tradition? For God commanded, ‘Honor your father and your mother,’ and, ‘Whoever reviles father or mother must surely die.’ But you say, ‘If anyone tells his father or his mother, “What you would have gained from me is given to God,” he need not honor his father.’ So for the sake of your tradition you have made void the word of God.

Besides their hypocrisy and pride, Yeshua was calling them out on their observance to their own philosophical traditions that they held to above Scripture. They had created traditions around the teachings of Scripture, traditions that were contrary to the spirit and purpose of the law.

The apostle Paul in like fashion condemned the man-made restrictions and rules that had been added to the clear teaching and meaning of Scripture:

  • Colossians 2:23 – These have indeed an appearance of wisdom in promoting self-made religion and asceticism and severity to the body, but they are of no value in stopping the indulgence of the flesh.

The true message of the kingdom was not more restrictions and rules by the letter of the law, but the fulfillment of those things in Messiah and the advent of the spiritual kingdom adhering to the spirit of the law. The oral laws and traditions that had been added to the law of Moses were being shed as people began to understand Messiah’s teaching in light of the spiritual kingdom.

For example, physical circumcision had become a “badge of honor” among the Jews regardless of any spiritual or ethical practices. Paul preached that this was no longer necessary, but spiritual circumcision through a removal of the flesh through baptism was.

  • Colossians 2:11 – In him also you were circumcised with a circumcision made without hands, by putting off the body of the flesh, by the circumcision of Messiah…

Temple worship and practices were no longer needed, because the body of believers themselves had become the dwelling place of God, as taught by both Paul and Peter.

  • 2 Corinthians 6:16 – What agreement has the temple of God with idols? For we are the temple of the living God; as God said, “I will make my dwelling among them and walk among them, and I will be their God, and they shall be my people.
  • 1 Peter 2:4-5 – As you come to him, a living stone rejected by men but in the sight of God chosen and precious, you yourselves like living stones are being built up as a spiritual house, to be a holy priesthood, to offer spiritual sacrifices acceptable to God through Yeshua Messiah.

These were the types of teachings that continued to separate the remnant of Israel from the orthodox Judaism of the day.

We also have a responsibility to confront the false teachings, traditions, and philosophies that have grown up around the true faith of Messiah in the centuries since these brave and faithful forefathers stood their ground in the first century. Through our institutions, organizations, and denominations, we have created a new “oral law,” a set of trappings that continue to divide and separate God’s people. We have created holy days not listed in Scripture, constructed networks of churches around the dynamics of charismatic leaders and humanistic teachings, and built a theology of orthodoxy on the philosophies of men rather than the truth of Scripture.

We have strayed from the spiritual nature of the kingdom into the realm of trying to build a physical kingdom representation in our own image. We must return to the roots of biblical faith and the spiritual kingdom that Messiah established two millennia ago. We, like our spiritual forefathers, must remain vigilant in the face of those who, as the apostle Paul admonished, would seek to take us “captive through philosophy and empty deceit based on human tradition, based on the elements of the world, rather than Messiah.”

  • Colossians 3:23-24 – Whatever you do, work heartily, as for the Lord and not for men, knowing that from the Lord you will receive the inheritance as your reward. You are serving the Lord Messiah.

If you enjoy these daily articles, be sure to visit the growing archive of the Core of the Bible podcast. Each week we take a more in-depth look at one of the various topics presented in the daily blog. You can view the podcast archive on our Podcast Page, at Core of the Bible on Simplecast, or your favorite podcast streaming service.

Now also on YouTube, find us at: Core of the Bible on YouTube.

Questions or comments? Feel free to email me at coreofthebible@gmail.com.

Holiness as defined by the world vs. the Bible

Which standards will we use?

In the Bible, believers are commanded to be holy, but in our current culture there are popular notions and definitions of what it means to be holy that may lead to some misguided understandings of how that quality applies specifically to believers.

Looking at some online dictionaries have provided some of these popular definitions of the word holy.

  1. Specially recognized as or declared sacred by religious use or authority; dedicated or consecrated to God or a religious purpose, such as holy ground.

This definition implies that things or places can be designated as holy by some sanctioned religious authority. There have been holy objects throughout the history of Israel; namely, the tabernacle or temple and furnishings and many articles that were for exclusive use by the priests, including some of their garments. However, with the final destruction of the temple in AD 70, there no longer exists an earthly priesthood or any one place or object which is holier than any other.

John 4:21, 23 – Yeshua told her, “Believe me, woman, an hour is coming when you will worship the Father neither on this mountain nor in Jerusalem. … “But an hour is coming, and is now here, when the true worshipers will worship the Father in Spirit and in truth. Yes, the Father wants such people to worship him.

  1. Entitled to worship or veneration as or as if sacred: a holy relic.

This definition describes some things as being inherently holy and worthy of worship. Nowhere does the Bible condone the veneration of created objects. In fact, idolatry through worshiping objects was the primary downfall of the nation of Israel throughout their history.

Exodus 20:4-5 – Do not make an idol for yourself, whether in the shape of anything in the heavens above or on the earth below or in the waters under the earth. Do not bow in worship to them, and do not serve them…

  1. Dedicated or devoted to the service of God, the church, or religion: a holy man.

This is a pretty close approximation to a Biblical definition, as being holy means to be set apart for use exclusively by God. However, the Kingdom of God as defined in God’s Word is the only universal and eternal community of believers, not any one church or denomination. To be devoted to one church or denomination can lead to being bound to traditions of men over the Word of God.

Acts 5:27-29 – After they brought them in, they had them stand before the Sanhedrin, and the high priest asked, “Didn’t we strictly order you not to teach in this name? … Peter and the apostles replied, “We must obey God rather than men.”

  1. Having a spiritually pure quality: morally and spiritually excellent; a holy love for others.

This is a good definition, but when used in a universal sense can be frustrated by differing standards of moral excellence. The standards of moral and spiritual excellence are defined by God in his Word, not by men. It is exemplified as having a pure and blameless heart according to the instruction of God by loving God and loving others as one would love oneself.

Matthew 5:8 – “Blessed are the pure in heart, for they will see God.”
Mark 12:30-31 – “Love Yahweh your God with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your mind, and with all your strength. The second is, Love your neighbor as yourself. There is no other command greater than these.”

When we understand that being holy is not confined to a place or a thing but is the active response of a willing heart to the call and purpose of God according to his Word, we are more likely to be led by his Spirit than beholden to the dictates of men or their traditions. To be set apart by God for his purpose in this world then provides the pure motivation and selfless actions for the ongoing expansion of the timeless Kingdom of God throughout the world.

If you enjoy these daily blog posts, be sure to visit the growing archive of the Core of the Bible podcast. Each week we take a more in-depth look at one of the various topics presented in the daily blog. You can view the podcast archive on our Podcast Page, at Core of the Bible on Simplecast, or your favorite podcast streaming service.

Now also on YouTube, find us at: Core of the Bible on YouTube.

Questions or comments? Feel free to email me directly at coreofthebible@gmail.com.

All types of gifts have value in the life of the congregation

The community of Messiah is far more than just a weekly event.

1 Corinthians 12:20-25 – As it is, there are many parts, but one body. The eye cannot say to the hand, “I don’t need you! ” Or again, the head can’t say to the feet, “I don’t need you! ” On the contrary, those parts of the body that are weaker are indispensable. And those parts of the body that we consider less honorable, we clothe these with greater honor, and our unrespectable parts are treated with greater respect, which our respectable parts do not need. Instead, God has put the body together, giving greater honor to the less honorable, so that there would be no division in the body, but that the members would have the same concern for each other.

The Commentary of the Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges relates the following in regard to this passage of Scripture:

“God had specially provided against this [schisms in the body] by giving to those who occupy the less honourable and ornamental positions in society the compensation of being the most indispensable portions of it. The ‘comely parts’—the wealthy, the refined, the cultivated, the intellectual—obtain honour and respect by the very nature of their gifts. God has signified His Will that due honour and respect should be paid to those to whom it is not instinctively felt to be owing, by so ordering society that we cannot do without them. But our class distinctions and jealousies, our conflicts between capital and labour, shew how little Christians have realized this obvious truth.”

It would seem that we still need to learn these lessons today. While the passage under consideration is less about social class convention and more about differing gifts and abilities, it is true that gatherings of believers have become less community-oriented and more focused on becoming an event that one attends. Those “less honorable” parts of this community are becoming more and more marginalized to where they have less opportunity to participate meaningfully in the life of the congregation. In a sense, class distinctions among believers still persist.

Applying the metaphor that Paul provides, believing congregations represent the body of Messiah to the world. If one is not even caring for the extremities of one’s own body, how can the body function as it should? Paul’s admonition to the Corinthian body is that “the members would have the same concern for each other.” The word used here for concern is actually a Greek phrase meaning “over-anxious to the point of distraction.” It’s the same phrase used by Yeshua in the famous passage in Matthew 6 about not being anxious for tomorrow.

Matthew 6:34 – “Therefore do not be anxious about tomorrow, for tomorrow will be anxious for itself. Sufficient for the day is its own trouble.

It seems odd to apply this same type of anxiety to the care and concern believers should be exhibiting for one another. Can we truly say we are “anxious to the point of distraction” about the well-being of others and for the equality of different types of spiritual gifts that may be exhibited in our believing community?

1 Corinthians 12:18 – But as it is, God arranged the members in the body, each one of them, as he chose.

Paul says that the differences in ability and gifting among us exist for the purpose of causing us to be a diverse community with spiritual abilities far beyond just any one of us as individuals. We need to learn to recognize the value that these diverse abilities and gifts provide the whole for the sake of honoring the God who has put the body together just the way he wants it to be.

If you enjoy these daily blog posts, be sure to visit the growing archive of the Core of the Bible podcast. Each week we take a more in-depth look at one of the various topics presented in the daily blog. You can view the podcast archive on our Podcast Page, at Core of the Bible on Simplecast, or your favorite podcast streaming service.

Now also on YouTube, find us at: Core of the Bible on YouTube.

Questions or comments? Feel free to email me directly at coreofthebible@gmail.com.

Differences between the “church” and the kingdom

How can these differences help us understand our purpose?

Many of you who follow this blog may recognize that I have made this distinction between the “church” and the kingdom in the past. You may also notice that is one of the reasons I typically avoid using the word “church” in my articles, not because I don’t believe in it, just because I think that word has evolved over time to take on non-biblical meaning.

What do I mean by that? Well, when we drive down the road and see a building with a steeple, we may call that a “church.” This building may technically be where a “church” (that is, a group of called-out people) meets, but it is only a building, not an actual church. In reality, the church is the group of people that meet in that location, the building is just a building.

The word that we translate as church in our bibles is actually from the Greek word ekklesia, which simply means an assembly of people. In Greek usage, it doesn’t even really have any religious overtones; it could be an assembly of people at a rally, or a political event. This is why instead of using the word church, I will typically employ the word congregation, as I think that conveys more of an accurate meaning.

Why is this kind of semantic difference important? It is because I think in today’s culture, just like the confusion between the building and the people who meet in the building, the lines between church and kingdom have become blurred, to the point of the terms being used interchangeably. This has no biblical precedent and was never intended by any of the biblical writers, or even by Yeshua himself.

I believe Yeshua defined how the term ekklesia should be used when he introduced the concept to his disciples in Matthew 16.

Matthew 16:15-18 – “…who do you say that I am? ” Simon Peter answered, “You are the Messiah, the Son of the living God.” Yeshua responded, “Blessed are you, Simon son of Jonah, because flesh and blood did not reveal this to you, but my Father in heaven. “And I also say to you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my ekklesia, and the gates of Hades will not overpower it.”

Yeshua said this his ekklesia would be built on the “rock” of the declaration of Peter: “You are the Messiah, the Son of the living God.” This is all that is required to be a “member” of the local assembly: faith in Yeshua as Messiah. Based on that statement, assemblies would be formed to live out his teachings in their local communities. Neither the death of Yeshua nor the death of any of the believers (i.e., the “gates of Hades”) would be able to stop the number of local congregations from continuing to grow.

However, the ekklesia is not the kingdom, it is simply the local outpost of where the kingdom principles are being exhibited in the lives of the believers. The kingdom is the everlasting reign of God over all the earth; the congregation is the local gathering of believers in Messiah who are living out the kingdom values in that community.

In an excerpt from his article titled “The Church vs. the Kingdom,” a church-planting minister by the name of Jim Botts provided how he views some of the following differences between the church and the kingdom.

“KINGDOM PEOPLE OR CHURCH PEOPLE?
Though the church and its activities can fit into the Kingdom, you cannot squeeze the Kingdom into the Church. When we try to fit the Kingdom into our church-box, we create church people, instead of Kingdom people! And there is a huge difference between the two:
Church people – have reduced ministry vision and can’t see past church-bound categories for ministry (i.e., usher, greeter, children’s worker, inviter-of-lost-friends, etc.).
Kingdom people – have Kingdom vision to think/dream/act outside the box (read church here). They want to heal the wounds in their neighborhood, workplace, and community (fatherlessness, addictions, marriages).
Church people – see the gospel in terms of good news about the afterlife (it’s how you can be sure you’re going to heaven after you die).
Kingdom people – see the gospel in terms of good news about Kingdom life (it’s about life in God and with God, both now and forever).
Church people – understand discipleship as primarily about enjoying a closer relationship with God that grows me to spiritual maturity.
Kingdom people – understand discipleship as the call to lose their life for Christ’s sake so they can participate in His family for His mission.
The Kingdom is not a means to a bigger church; the church is a means to demonstrating the Kingdom!”

I think these are some healthy distinctions, and help us understand that Yeshua’s primary mission was to usher in the kingdom, not to start a new religion which would become called “the Christian Church.” This is a primary misunderstanding of all that he came to accomplish.

Instead, as we work through our local congregations (i.e., “churches”) to live out the overarching principles of the kingdom, we will find that the kingdom itself will continue to grow on the earth with each succeeding generation, just as the Bible prophesied it would.

Daniel 7:14 – “He [one like a Son of Man] was given dominion, and glory, and a kingdom; so that those of every people, nation, and language should serve him. His dominion is an everlasting dominion that will not pass away, and his kingdom is one that will not be destroyed.”

If you enjoy these daily blog posts, be sure to visit the growing archive of the Core of the Bible podcast. Each week we take a more in-depth look at one of the various topics presented in the daily blog. You can view the podcast archive on our Podcast Page, at Core of the Bible on Simplecast, or your favorite podcast streaming service.

Now also on YouTube! Just getting started, but new videos will be added regularly on many different topics, find us at: Core of the Bible on YouTube.

Questions or comments? Feel free to email me directly at coreofthebible@gmail.com.

Being vigilant about what to believe

Our individual worldview can influence which things we accept as true and which things we reject as false.

Mark 1:15 “The time promised by God has come at last!” he announced. “The Kingdom of God is near! Repent of your sins and believe the Good News!”
Luke 4:43 But he replied, “I must preach the Good News of the Kingdom of God in other towns, too, because that is why I was sent.”

While there are many different religions in the world, all with differing views of God and spirituality, we find that even amidst Christianity there are wide variations among denominations and churches all claiming competing views of biblical faith. They all have “statements of faith” of what they consider the most important things for people to believe. In order to belong to a specific church or denomination, one must believe what their statements proclaim.

Here at the Core of the Bible blog and podcast, I don’t have a statement of faith, and I think that throws some people off because they want to know if I am presenting an orthodox view of the faith (according to them). Instead, I am always striving to present the message of the Bible reduced to its simplest form, not trying to complicate things further with man-made creeds. However, if I was pegged to distill the message of the Bible to one phrase regarding a statement of faith, it would be this: “Just believe Yeshua (Jesus).”

Of course, in saying that, a host of pre-existing and unstated elements would also have to be believed in to arrive at that simplistic statement. To believe in Yeshua, one would also need to believe the Bible is true, and truly depicts his life and teaching. If one believes the Bible is true, then one is understood to recognize that Israel was a faithful caretaker of the words of God. If one believes that Israel was faithful with the words of God, then the God of the Bible is recognized as being the true God. If one believes the God of the Bible is true, then, according to the Bible record, one understands he is the originator of everything that exists.

Everything we believe and know is interconnected to a host of other biases and assumptions about life and the universe. Our individual worldview can influence which things we accept as true and which things we reject as false.

For me, I do believe the biblical worldview. I accept that there is a God of the universe, and that he has chosen to reveal himself through what we call the Bible. The reason I do is because I believe the patterns, stories, and wisdom contained there hold a consistent message about the kingdom of God that has been borne out in real time through the historical circumstances of ancient Israel. I have concluded that Yeshua provided the pinnacle or the culmination of that message of the kingdom, and that the Sermon on the Mount provides a foundational structure that supports the rest of the biblical narrative. By focusing on the principles Yeshua outlines there, I believe a firm footing is achieved for a practical outworking of faith and the kingdom of God through all ages. For me, the message of the kingdom of God in the Bible gives reason for all that exists, and for why we are here.

In the spirit of simplicity, it is my hope that these notes, articles and podcasts will convey that understanding and reason in a way that makes sense to you. If you are ever in doubt about what I am attempting to convey, or you have questions about my stance on a particular thought, feel free to reach out to me at coreofthebible@gmail.com.

And if you are ever in doubt about something particular in a church’s statement of faith, remember: Just believe Yeshua (Jesus), and you will be fine.

If you enjoy these daily blog posts, be sure to visit the growing archive of the Core of the Bible podcast. Each week we take a more in-depth look at one of the various topics presented in the daily blog. You can view the podcast archive here.

To be vigilant against deception one must know both the Bible and the teacher

There are two parts to vigilance in our understanding of the faith: thoroughly knowing the torah or instruction of God and knowing from whom the Word is being taught.

…evil men and impostors will go on from bad to worse, deceivers and deceived. But as for you, continue in what you have learned and have firmly believed, knowing from whom you learned it.

2 Timothy 3:13-14

Paul is emphatic with his protoge Timothy, and is cautioning him in being fully aware of the deceivers who were infiltrating the ranks of the fledgling Messianic Kingdom movement. Paul emphasizes that the deceivers would make themselves known not just by their teaching, but by their lifestyles and their actions.

For [these] men will be lovers of self, lovers of money, proud, arrogant, abusive, disobedient to their parents, ungrateful, unholy, inhuman, implacable, slanderers, profligates, fierce, haters of good, treacherous, reckless, swollen with conceit, lovers of pleasure rather than lovers of God, holding the form of religion but denying the power of it. Avoid such people.

2 Timothy 3:2-5

These were the corrupt Jews who were coming against the teachings of the Messiah and the apostolic communities that were growing amidst the synagogues of the first century. One has only to read the denunciations or “woes” of Yeshua against these individuals to know who they were.

Matthew 23:15, 23, 27 Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for you traverse sea and land to make a single proselyte, and when he becomes a proselyte, you make him twice as much a child of hell as yourselves. …
“Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for you tithe mint and dill and cummin, and have neglected the weightier matters of the law, justice and mercy and faith; these you ought to have done, without neglecting the others. …
“Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for you are like whitewashed tombs, which outwardly appear beautiful, but within they are full of dead men’s bones and all uncleanness.
Luke 11:42-43, 46, 52 “But woe to you Pharisees! for you tithe mint and rue and every herb, and neglect justice and the love of God; these you ought to have done, without neglecting the others. Woe to you Pharisees! for you love the best seat in the synagogues and salutations in the market places. …
And he said, “Woe to you scribes also! for you load men with burdens hard to bear, and you yourselves do not touch the burdens with one of your fingers. …
Woe to you scribes! for you have taken away the key of knowledge; you did not enter yourselves, and you hindered those who were entering.”

They were hypocrites; they had “the form of religion but were denying its power” as Paul writes. As a contrast to this corruption, Paul instructs Timothy to look at the example of his own life and conduct.

Now you have observed my teaching, my conduct, my aim in life, my faith, my patience, my love, my steadfastness, my persecutions, my sufferings, what befell me at Antioch, at Ico’nium, and at Lystra, what persecutions I endured; yet from them all the Lord rescued me. … But as for you, continue in what you have learned and have firmly believed, knowing from whom you learned it and how from childhood you have been acquainted with the sacred writings which are able to instruct you for salvation through faith in Christ Jesus.

2 Timothy 3:10-11, 14-15

There are two parts to vigilance in our understanding of the faith: thoroughly knowing the torah or instruction of God and knowing from whom the Word is being taught. If you are not aware of the actual lifestyles and practices of your teachers, you must exercise caution in what they are promoting. However, the complement to that is, if you are thoroughly familiar with the Scriptures (and I mean the Scriptures, not just what a certain denomination teaches about the Scriptures), then you will have balance in being able to accurately evaluate anyone’s representation of the Word of God.

If you enjoy these daily blog posts, be sure to visit the growing archive of the Core of the Bible podcast. Each week we take a more in-depth look at one of the various topics presented in the daily blog. You can view the podcast archive here. Questions or comments? Feel free to email me directly at coreofthebible@gmail.